The International Female Coital Incontinence Questionnaire: Translation, Validation, and Reliability Study of the Persian Version.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study was aimed at validating the Persian version of the International Female Coital Incontinence Questionnaire (IFCI-Q). METHODS: In the current study, 150 sexually active women with complaints of any kind of sexual dysfunction from January 2022 to July 2023, who were referred to urogynecology outpatient clinics, completed the IFCI-Q. Age ≥ 18 years and sexually active women were the inclusion criteria for the study. Quantitative calculations were made to determine the content validity ratio and content validity index. A test-retest procedure was utilized to determine the scale reliability. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of participants was 35.66 (7.03) years. Among a total of 150 women, 21 (14.0%) had coital incontinence (CI), and this disorder happened during penetration in 11 cases (7.3%), orgasm in 9 (6.1%), or both conditions in one woman (0.7%). The intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) was 0.79 (0.74, 0.84), and the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.89. A positive association between the Female Sexual Function Index and the IFCI-Q was also demonstrated by the criteria validity (r = 0. 87 and p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Regarding validity and reliability, the Persian version of the IFCI-Q can properly evaluate CI in women with sexual dysfunction or complaining of CI.

Estimating the Size of the Hidden Population of COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: An asymptomatic population has the same infection as symptomatic individuals, so these individuals can unknowingly spread the virus. It is not possible to predict the rate of epidemic growth by considering only the identified isolated or hospitalized population. In this study, we want to estimate the size of the COVID-19 population, based on information derived from patients visiting medical centers. So, individuals who do not receive a formal diagnosis in those medical centers can be considered as hidden. METHODOLOGY: To estimate the Bayesian size of the hidden population of COVID-19 a respondentdriven sampling (RDS) method was used. Twenty-three people infected with COVID-19 seeds and who had positive PCR test results were selected as seeds. These participants were asked whether any of their friends and acquaintances who had COVID-19 did not visit a medical center or hid their illness. Access to other patients was gained through friendship and kinship, hence allowing the sampling process to proceed. RESULTS: Out of 23 selected seeds, only 15 seeds remained in the sample and the rest were excluded due to not participating in the further sampling process. After 5 waves, 50 people with COVID-19 who had hidden their disease and were not registered in the official statistics were included in the sample. It was estimated that 12,198 people were infected with COVID-19 in Khalkhal city in 2022. This estimate was much higher than recorded in the official COVID-19 statistics. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate that the estimated 'true' numbers of COVID-19 patients in one town in Iran were significantly higher compared to the official numbers. The RDS method can help capture the potential size of infections in further pandemics or outbreaks globally.