Effect of cyclodextrin-complexed lyophilized nanosuspension of Nigella sativa seeds oleoresin on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in mice.

Depression is a prevalent global health concern necessitating alternative approaches to conventional antidepressant medications due to its associated adverse effects. Nigella sativa (NS) is recognized for its potential as an antidepressant, offering a promising solution with fewer side effects. This study investigated the antidepressant efficacy of cyclodextrin-complexed lyophilized nanosuspension of NS oleoresin (NSOR) in a murine model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. This study sought to evaluate and contrast the antidepressant potential of the nano-NSOR with that of the NS ethanolic extract (NSEE). The prepared nano-NSOR was characterized physicochemically and evaluated for in vitro drug release and in vivo antidepressant activity. The particle size of nano-NSOR was determined to be 164.6 nm. In vitro drug release studies suggested the higher drug release from nano-NSOR (90.15 % after 72 h) compared to the native NSOR (59.55 % after 72 h). Furthermore, nano-NSOR exhibited a more pronounced antidepressant effect than NSEE in the context of CUMS-induced depression. This study highlights a potential alternative for managing depression, addressing the need for improved antidepressant treatments with reduced side effects. These results suggest that nano-NSOR ameliorates CUMS-induced depression by modulating neurotransmitter levels, reducing inflammation, and enhancing neuroprotection.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using red algae Portieria hornemannii and its antibacterial activity against fish pathogens.

In the present study, red algae Portieria hornemannii was scrutinized for the productive synthesis of silver nanoparticles. These biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by visible color change and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry that indicated the formation of nanoparticles at the absorbance of 418 nm. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction analysis was further carried out to study the functional groups and crystalline nature of the substance. Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy exposed the shape of the silver nanoparticles, which was found to be spherical. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the metal silver. Stability of nanoparticles was analyzed using Zeta potential. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be active against the fish pathogens Vibrio harveyii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio anguillarum. The highest activity was found against the pathogens V. harveyii and V. parahaemolyticus. We have established an environmental friendly synthesis of Silver nanoparticles which can be used as an alternative to commercially available antibiotics in the treatment of fish diseases.