ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer, particularly the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype, is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Several functional polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokine genes, such as IL1B, IL6, IL12A, IL13 and IL16, have been associated with the risk of NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ILs gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing NSCLC. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was carried out, including 174 NSCLC cases and 298 controls of Spanish origin. IL1B (rs1143634), IL1B (rs12621220), IL1B (rs1143623), IL1B (rs16944), IL1B (rs1143627), IL12A (rs662959), IL13 (rs1881457), IL6 (rs1800795) and IL16 (rs7170924) gene polymorphisms were analysed by TaqMan. RESULTS: The genotypic logistic regression model adjusted by smoking status showed that the IL1B rs1143634-TT genotype was associated with a lower risk of NSCLC (P=0.04312; odds ratio=0.226; 95% confidence interval=0.044-0.840). No other gene polymorphisms showed an association with NSCLC in any of the models tested. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, IL1B rs1143634 was significantly associated with a higher risk of NSCLC. No influence of IL1B rs12621220, rs1143623, rs16944, rs1143627, IL12A rs662959, IL13 rs1881457 and IL16 rs7170924 on the risk of developing NSCLC was found in our study.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Interleukins/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal chronic conditions in developed countries, hip fracture being one of its major healthcare outcomes. There is considerable variation in the implementation of current pharmacological treatment and prevention, despite consistent recommendations and guidelines. Many studies have reported conflicting findings of genetic associations with bone density and turnover that might predict fracture risk. Moreover, it is not clear whether genetic differences exist in relation to the morbidity and efficiency of the pharmacotherapy treatments. Clinical response, including beneficial and adverse events associated with osteoporosis treatments, is highly variable among individuals. In this context, the present article intends to summarize putative candidate genes and genome-wide association studies that have been related with BMD and fracture risk, and to draw the attention to the need for pharmacogenetic methodology that could be applicable in clinical translational research after an adequate validation process. This article mainly compiles analysis of important polymorphisms in osteoporosis documented previously, and it describes the simple molecular biology tools for routine genotype acquisition. Validation of methods for the easy, fast and accessible identification of SNPs is necessary for evolving pharmacogenetic diagnostic tools in order to contribute to the discovery of clinically relevant genetic variation with an impact on osteoporosis and its personalized treatment.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone/genetics , Osteoporosis/genetics , Pharmacogenetics/methods , Bone Density/genetics , Fractures, Bone/complications , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Genetic Variation , Genome-Wide Association Study , Humans , Osteoporosis/complications , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Precision Medicine , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
Objetivo Analizar las evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de un cuestionario de satisfacción de pacientes con el servicio de indicación en las farmacias comunitarias argentinas. Material y Métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Participaron todos los pacientes o sus cuidadores que concurrieron a las farmacias durante el período de estudio (marzo y abril de 2006) y que supieran leer y escribir. Resultados Se obtuvieron 289 cuestionarios. El análisis factorial reveló un único componente explicando el 52,2 por ciento de la varianza total. Se obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,89. Los pacientes expresaron comentarios adicionales en 87 cuestionarios (30,1 por ciento) que se relacionaron con la calidad de la atención recibida y con otros aspectos de la asistencia. Discusión El cuestionario mostró evidencias de validez de contenido, validez como estructura interna y fiabilidad para valorar la satisfacción de pacientes con el servicio de indicación en las farmacias comunitarias argentinas.
Objective Analysing the evidence regarding the validity and reliability of a patient-satisfaction questionnaire about professional advice received for minor illness in Argentinean community pharmacies. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. All patients or their caregivers who visited the pharmacies during the study period (March and April, 2006) and knew how to read and write were included. Results 289 questionnaires were completed. Factorial analysis revealed one single component explaining 52.2 percent of total variance. A 0.89 Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained. Patients made additional comments on 87 questionnaires (30.1 percent) concerning the quality of care received and other aspects. Discussion By presenting evidence of content validity, validity as internal structure and reliability the questionnaire could assess patient-satisfaction with the advice received for minor illness in Argentinean community pharmacies.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Community Pharmacy Services/standards , Directive Counseling/standards , Patient Satisfaction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Analysing the evidence regarding the validity and reliability of a patient-satisfaction questionnaire about professional advice received for minor illness in Argentinean community pharmacies. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. All patients or their caregivers who visited the pharmacies during the study period (March and April, 2006) and knew how to read and write were included. RESULTS: 289 questionnaires were completed. Factorial analysis revealed one single component explaining 52.2 % of total variance. A 0.89 Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained. Patients made additional comments on 87 questionnaires (30.1 %) concerning the quality of care received and other aspects. DISCUSSION: By presenting evidence of content validity, validity as internal structure and reliability the questionnaire could assess patient-satisfaction with the advice received for minor illness in Argentinean community pharmacies.
Subject(s)
Community Pharmacy Services/standards , Directive Counseling/standards , Patient Satisfaction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a specific questionnaire about patient satisfaction with drug dispensing at Spanish community pharmacies. METHOD: A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was designed centered on the perception of the patients with the dispensing service. To validate this questionnaire, it was administered at Spanish community pharmacies, which voluntarily agreed to participate in the study for a period of 2 months (March and April 2006). Patients or caregivers who were able to read and write were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Scores of the items related to satisfaction with the dispensing service. RESULTS: The questionnaire consisted of: an introduction, 10 closed questions in an interval scale of five points, an open section to express comments, and finally demographic data of the patients. Twenty-seven community pharmacies participated in the validation, and 561 questionnaires were obtained with a response percentage of 56.5%. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91 was obtained. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient was 0.92, and the extraction of the principal components revealed a unique component explaining 55.2% of the total variance. About 15.5% of patients made additional comments that praised the quality of attention received and other aspects of the service such as the amiability and friendliness shown by pharmacy staff. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire developed shows evidence of validity and reliability for evaluating patient satisfaction with the dispensing service in community Pharmacies in Spain.
Subject(s)
Communication Barriers , Community Pharmacy Services/organization & administration , Language , Patient Satisfaction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Community Pharmacy Services/standards , Demography , Drug Prescriptions , Female , Health Services Research , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Quality of Health Care , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Validation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Objetivo. Analizar la validez y fiabilidad de un cuestionario de satisfacción de pacientes con el servicio de dispensación en las farmacias comunitarias argentinas. Diseño. Descriptivo, de corte transversal. Emplazamiento. Farmacias comunitarias de Argentina que voluntariamente aceptaron participar en el estudio. Participantes. Todos los pacientes o sus cuidadores que concurrieron a las farmacias durante el período de estudio (marzo y abril de 2006) y que supieran leer y escribir. Mediciones principales. Puntuaciones de la escala de satisfacción del cuestionario. Resultados. Participaron 27 farmacias, pertenecientes a 6 provincias de Argentina. Se consiguieron 473 cuestionarios, con un porcentaje de respuesta del 72,4%. El análisis factorial reveló un único componente que explicaba el 54,8% de la varianza total. Se obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,90 y la correlación de Pearson entre cada uno de los ítems y la puntuación total de la escala mostró que todos los ítems están correlacionados entre sí (p < 0,01). Los pacientes expresaron comentarios adicionales en 124 cuestionarios (26,2%) que se relacionaron con la calidad de la atención recibida y con otros aspectos, tales como agradecimiento, coste de los medicamentos, insuficiente stock y amabilidad. Conclusiones. El cuestionario mostró evidencias de la validez de contenido, validez como estructura interna, validez relacionada con otras variables y fiabilidad para valorar la satisfacción de los pacientes con el servicio de dispensación en las farmacias comunitarias argentinas
Objective. To analyze the validity and reliability of a patient satisfaction questionnaire about drug dispensing in Argentine community pharmacies. Design. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting. Community pharmacies of Argentina that voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. Participants. All patients or their careers who attended the pharmacies during the period of the study (March and April, 2006) and knew how to read and write. Main measurements. Scores on the satisfaction scale of the questionnaire. Results. Twenty-seven pharmacies from 6 provinces of Argentina took part; 473 questionnaires were obtained with a 72.4% response rate. Factorial analysis revealed one single component that explained 54.8% of total variance. A 0.90 Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained and Pearson's correlation between each of the items and the total score on the scale showed that all items correlated with each other (P<.01). Patients expressed additional comments in 124 questionnaires (26.2%). These concerned the quality of care received and other aspects, such as gratitude, cost of medicines, insufficient stock, and friendliness. Conclusions. The questionnaire, in showing evidence of content validity, validity as internal structure, validity related to other variables, and reliability, could assess patient satisfaction with the drug dispensing service in the community pharmacies of Argentina
