A comparison between clinical and digital images with various resolutions to evaluate glass ionomer cement restoration on primary teeth.

Introduction: Dental photography has increasingly been used in practice. One of the purposes of dental photography is for treatment evaluation. Notably, photo resolution affects a picture's quality. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations are frequently used on pediatric teeth and must be evaluated periodically. In this digital era, digital photos can be used to evaluate restorations. The evaluation of restorations using FDI criteria is typically effective in clinical uses. Objective: This study aims to compare differences in digital photo resolution and clinical results to evaluate GIC restoration in primary teeth. Materials and methods: Forty mandibular primary first molars from 31 pediatric patients aged 4 to 9 years from Universitas Indonesia dental hospital were included in this study. All teeth were examined and clinically evaluated, and photos were taken using a DSLR camera with low resolution (8 MP), medium resolution (15 MP), and high resolution (32 MP). The photos were then evaluated. Clinical GIC restorations and digital photographs were evaluated using FDI criteria. All of the collected data were analyzed using a Pearson's chi-square categorical comparative test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Result: Based on the comparative test, there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical groups with low resolution, medium resolution, and high resolution for evaluating GIC restorations in primary teeth. Conclusion: Digital photography can be used to support the evaluation of restoration status. Digital photos can indicate the clinical state of GIC restorations. This study recommends using digital photos between low and medium resolution (8-15.3 MP) as media in dental practices to evaluate GIC restorations in primary teeth, comparable to smartphone cameras or pocket cameras.

Effect of electronic book "Traumatic dental injury to children's permanent teeth" on primary school teacher's knowledge.

Most dental trauma in children aged 8-12 years occurs in schools. Teachers should properly and timely manage the emergency pertaining to traumatic dental injuries before paying visit to dental health center. Studies had revealed that the elementary school teachers carried poor knowledge of managing the dental trauma. Electronic books were the easily accessible digital and visual educational media for the users through internet-connected devices. This study compared the knowledge of primary school teachers before and after reading the innovative electronic book "Traumatic Dental Injury to Children's Permanent Teeth". The questionnaire was shared via a link, before and after reading this electronic book. The contents of electronic book included the kinds of trauma, management, and preventive measures as explained via appealing illustrations. The median score of knowledge before the intervention was 6 (poor), and afterwards it was 13 (good). Wilcoxon test on scores before and after reading this book resulted in statistically significant difference p-value ≤ 0.05. The electronic book "Traumatic Dental Injury to Children's Permanent Teeth" was innovative, and effective educational media having high impact of increasing the dental trauma knowledge among primary school teachers.

Effect of First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion Posters on Primary School Teachers Knowledge

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of deploying a "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster in a primary school setting to improve teachers' knowledge. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at public primary schools in central Jakarta, with 54 teachers meeting the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire contained 13 questions, divided into two sections. The first section consisted of questions about sex, age, education, length of service, field of education, and whether the teacher had received first aid management education before. The second section consisted of 7 questions about the teacher's knowledge regarding dental avulsion and its management. Baseline knowledge was defined by using a questionnaire and then teachers were shown the educational poster covering the first aid management of dental avulsion. Next, the teachers answered a post-education questionnaire, which included the same questions as the first questionnaire. A paired t-test or Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used based on the distribution of data to determine the significance of the differences between before and after education. Results: The median score before reading the poster was 5, while the median score after reading it was 10. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster could improve the knowledge of primary school teachers in Jakarta.

Animated video for increasing primary school teachers' knowledge regarding first aid management of dental avulsion / Vídeo animado para aumentar o conhecimento dos professores do ensino primário em relação ao tratamento de primeiros socorros em casos de avulsão dentária

Introduction: Dental avulsion is a condition in which the tooth is completely dislodged from its socket. Inappropriate management when trauma occurs can complicate the prognosis of the tooth. The majority of injuries to children's teeth occur in the school environment and teachers play an essential role in providing first aid at the accident site. However, the school teacher's knowledge regarding first aid dental avulsion is inadequate. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an animated video (First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion) on the knowledge of primary school teachers. Material and Methods: This clinical experimental study comprised 54 teachers from 13 public elementary schools in Central Jakarta who were chosen randomly to fill out a questionnaire before and after watching the animated video. Results: Data analysis using the Wilcoxon comparative test showed that there was a statistically significant increase (P<.05) in knowledge after watching the animated video. Conclusion: Thus, the animated video was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding first aid management of dental avulsion among the primary school teachers (AU)

Introdução: a avulsão dentária é uma condição na qual o dente está completamente desalojado de seu alvéolo. O manejo inadequado quando ocorre um trauma pode complicar o prognóstico do dente. A maioria das lesões nos dentes das crianças ocorre no ambiente escolar onde os professores desempenham um papel essencial no fornecimento de primeiros socorros no local do acidente. No entanto, o conhecimento do professor em relação aos primeiros socorros diante de uma avulsão dentária é inadequado. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito de um vídeo animado (First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion) sobre o conhecimento de professores do ensino primário. Material e Métodos: Este estudo clínico experimental envolveu 54 professores de 13 escolas primárias públicas no centro de Jakarta, que foram escolhidos aleatoriamente para preencher um questionário antes e depois de assistir ao vídeo animado. Resultados: A análise dos dados por meio do teste comparativo de Wilcoxon mostrou que houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo (P <0,05) no conhecimento após assistir ao vídeo animado. Conclusão: Portanto, o vídeo animado foi eficaz em aumentar o conhecimento sobre o manejo de primeiros socorros da avulsão dentária entre os professores do ensino primário (AU)

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene in Children with Down Syndrome Using the Busy Book Ayo Sikat Gigi as an Educational Toy

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the oral hygiene status of children with Down syndrome using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi as an educational toy. Material and Methods: We ran an experimental study involving 25 educable and trainable children with Down syndrome, comprising 17 males and 8 females aged 7-12 years, who were free from other disabilities and did not use orthodontic or prosthodontic appliances. Parents were instructed to educate their children using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi and also to guide their children in brushing their teeth effectively at home. We evaluated the OHI-S score over two visits, one before and the other after education using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi over a 7 day period. The Wilcoxon test with the p-value set at 0.05 was used Results: It was noted a statistically significant decrease in the OHI-S scores of children with Down syndrome (p<0.05), reflecting an improvement in their dental health, after education using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi (median scores before and after education: 2.30 and 1.84, respectively) Conclusion: The busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi is a highly effective educational toy for children with Down syndrome, and in our study, it was demonstrated to decrease their OHI-S scores after education for 7 days.

Occurrence of Gingivitis and Oral Hygiene in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency distribution of gingivitis and oral hygiene in individuals with Down syndrome. Material and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive method and the subjects were 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged ≥14 years attending type C (intellectual disability) special needs schools in Jakarta. Gingivitis was measured using the gingival index, and oral hygiene was measured using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). The measurement of the two components of plaque and calculus was completed on six teeth on different surfaces, including the facial side of three maxillary teeth, the lingual side of the two posterior mandibular teeth, and the labial side of one anterior mandibular tooth. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies Results: 3.4% had no gingivitis, 47.2% had mild gingivitis, 40.8% had moderate gingivitis, and 8.6% had severe gingivitis. Regarding oral hygiene, 28.2% had good hygiene, 49.4% had fair, and 22.4% had poor hygiene Conclusion: Individuals with Down syndrome had a frequency distribution of gingivitis mainly in the mild and moderate categories, and a majority of subjects had fair OHI-S.