ABSTRACT
This study not only provides an innovative technique for producing rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites, but it also offers a way to reuse metallurgical solid waste. Rigid polyurethane (RPUF) composite samples have been prepared with different proportions of iron slag as additives, with a range of 0-25% mass by weight. The process of grinding iron slag microparticles into iron slag nanoparticles powder was accomplished with the use of a high-energy ball mill. The synthesized samples have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope. Then, their radiation shielding properties were measured by using A hyper-pure germanium detector using point sources 241Am, 133 BA, 152 EU, 137Cs, and 60Co, with an energy range of 0.059-1.408 MeV. Then using Fluka simulation code to validate the results in the energy range of photon energies of 0.0001-100 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, half-value layer and tenth-value layer, were calculated to determine the radiation shielding characteristics of the composite samples. The calculated values are in good agreement with the calculated values. The results of this study showed that the gamma-ray and neutron attenuation parameters of the studied polyurethane composite samples have improved. Moreover, the effect of iron slag not only increases the gamma-ray attenuation shielding properties but also enhances compressive strength and the thermal stability. Which encourages us to use polyurethane iron-slag composite foam in sandwich panel manufacturing as walls to provide protection from radiation and also heat insulation.
ABSTRACT
In this work, the effect of adding Pb nano/microparticles in polyurethane foams to improve thermo-physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Moreover, an attempt has been made to modify the micron-sized lead metal powder into nanostructured Pb powder using a high-energy ball mill. Two types of fillers were used, the first is Pb in micro scale and the second is Pb in nano scale. A lead/polyurethane nanocomposite is made using the in-situ polymerization process. The different characterization techniques describe the state of the dispersion of fillers in foam. The effects of these additions in the foam were evaluated, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have all been used to analyze the morphology and dispersion of lead in polyurethane. The findings demonstrate that lead is uniformly distributed throughout the polyurethane matrix. The compression test demonstrates that the inclusion of lead weakens the compression strength of the nanocomposites in comparison to that of pure polyurethane. The TGA study shows that the enhanced thermal stability is a result of the inclusion of fillers, especially nanofillers. The shielding efficiency has been studied, MAC, LAC, HVL, MFP and Zeff were determined either experimentally or by Monte Carlo calculations. The nuclear radiation shielding properties were simulated by the FLUKA code for the photon energy range of 0.0001-100 MeV.
