ABSTRACT
STUDY QUESTION: Is it feasible to disseminate testicular tissue cryopreservation with a standardized protocol through a coordinated network of centers and provide centralized processing/freezing for centers that do not have those capabilities? SUMMARY ANSWER: Centralized processing and freezing of testicular tissue from multiple sites is feasible and accelerates recruitment, providing the statistical power to make inferences that may inform fertility preservation practice. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Several centers in the USA and abroad are preserving testicular biopsies for patients who cannot preserve sperm in anticipation that cell- or tissue-based therapies can be used in the future to generate sperm and offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Testicular tissue samples from 189 patients were cryopreserved between January 2011 and November 2018. Medical diagnosis, previous chemotherapy exposure, tissue weight, and presence of germ cells were recorded. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Human testicular tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing treatments likely to cause infertility. Twenty five percent of the patient's tissue was donated to research and 75% was stored for patient's future use. The tissue was weighed, and research tissue was fixed for histological analysis with Periodic acid-Schiff hematoxylin staining and/or immunofluorescence staining for DEAD-box helicase 4, and/or undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The average age of fertility preservation patients was 7.9 (SD = 5) years and ranged from 5 months to 34 years. The average amount of tissue collected was 411.3 (SD = 837.3) mg and ranged from 14.4 mg-6880.2 mg. Malignancies (n = 118) were the most common indication for testicular tissue freezing, followed by blood disorders (n = 45) and other conditions (n = 26). Thirty nine percent (n = 74) of patients had initiated their chemotherapy prior to undergoing testicular biopsy. Of the 189 patients recruited to date, 137 have been analyzed for the presence of germ cells and germ cells were confirmed in 132. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This is a descriptive study of testicular tissues obtained from patients who were at risk of infertility. The function of spermatogonia in those biopsies could not be tested by transplantation due limited sample size. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Patients and/or guardians are willing to pursue an experimental fertility preservation procedure when no alternatives are available. Our coordinated network of centers found that many patients request fertility preservation after initiating gonadotoxic therapies. This study demonstrates that undifferentiated stem and progenitor spermatogonia may be recovered from the testicular tissues of patients who are in the early stages of their treatment and have not yet received an ablative dose of therapy. The function of those spermatogonia was not tested. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Support for the research was from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development grants HD061289 and HD092084, the Scaife Foundation, the Richard King Mellon Foundation, the Departments of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences and Urology of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), and the Kahn Foundation. The authors declare that they do not have competing financial interests.
Subject(s)
Cryopreservation , Fertility Preservation/methods , Infertility, Male/therapy , Testis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Biopsy , Child , Child, Preschool , Fertility Preservation/standards , Hematologic Diseases/complications , Hematologic Diseases/therapy , Humans , Infertility, Male/etiology , Male , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/therapy , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Sperm Count , Sperm Retrieval , Spermatogonia/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The testicular and epididymal parameters of Sahel bucks in the humid zone of Nigeria was investigated. Twenty goats (30-54 months) weighing 23.48-32.03kg were used for the experiment. The scrotal circumference of the buck was measured. The bucks were then slaughtered and the testicles as well as the epididymides collected. The testicular weight, testicular diameter, testicular length and epididymal length were measured using a non-stretchable measuring tape. These parameters were correlated with one another and the values of the right testis and epididymis were compared with those of the left. The scrotal circumference was positively correlated with the testicular weight (r = 0.769, P<0.01), testicular diameter (r = 0.827, P<0.01), testicular length (r=0.671, P<0.05) and the epididymal length (r = 0.664, P<0.05). It was concluded that the scrotal circumference is a reliable guide in the selection of the sahel buck for breeding in the humid zone of Nigeria.
Fueron investigados los parámetros testicular y epidídimario de las cabras Sahel en la zona húmeda de Nigeria. Se utilizaron para el experimento 20 cabras (30-54 meses) con un peso entre 23,48-32,03kg. Se midió la circunferencia escrotal de las cabras. Los animales fueron sacrificados y se recolectaron los testículos, así como el epidídimo de cada uno. Fueron medidos el peso de los testículos, diámetro testicular, longitudes testicular y epididimaria utilizando una cinta métrica no extensible. Estos parámetros fueron correlacionados entre sí y los valores obtenidos a cada lado de testículos y epidídimos fueron comparados entre sí. La circunferencia escrotal se correlacionó positivamente con el peso testicular (r = 0,769, P <0,01), diámetro testicular (r = 0,827, P <0,01), longitud testicular (r = 0,671, P <0,05) y la longitud del epidídimo (r = 0,664, P <0,05). Se concluyó que la circunferencia escrotal es una guía confiable en la selección de la cabra Sahel para la cría en la zona húmeda de Nigeria.
