ABSTRACT
Periodontal disease is caused by specific pathogens which results in inflammation of the tooth-supporting structures and subsequently causes the continued breakdown of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a perennial herb with substantial medicinal value. Licorice extract is derived from dried, unpeeled stolons and roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra. The bioactive ingredients in licorice extract such as glycyrrhizin, licoricidin, glabridin, licochalcone A, and licorisoflavan A have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-adherence effects that are beneficial against periodontal disease. Since periodontal disease has a complex etiology that includes the host response and microorganisms, licorice phytochemicals offer a therapeutic advantage due to their dual functionality. The aim of this review was to enumerate the bioactive compounds present in herbal licorice extract and to elucidate the beneficial effects of licorice and its derivatives in periodontal therapy. Literature review and clinical trials evaluating the effect of licorice on periodontopathogens and periodontal disease are included in this article.
ABSTRACT
In the literature, the periodontal tissue reaction to dissimilar occlusal stress has been described, including clinical and histologic changes caused by stresses in periodontal structures. With respect to occlusal forces, periodontal assembly demonstrates varying adaptive capacity from individual to individual and period to period within the same individual. Unfortunately, these occlusal stresses are yet to be quantified. As a result, determining the effect of normal occlusal force on periodontal elements in various angulations is of interest. Based on CBCT images, one FEA of the maxillary First molar was created, consisting of tooth pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone; the effect of normal occlusal force on the pdl in alternate angulations was assessed. Occlusion will occur at three contact areas representing the centric occlusion contact points, each of which will share a 150 N force. The analysis was performed for four force inclinations (0, 22.5°, 45°, and 90°). Maximum stresses are observed in cases of 90-degree loading. These stresses, however, are insignificant and will not cause the periodontal components to rupture. These tensile stresses, which are concentrated in the apical and cervical regions, may obstruct blood flow, resulting in tooth decay or, in some cases, periodontal breakdown in PDL. There have been attempts to express numerical data of stress to be provided for normal and hyper function loads to simulate occlusal situations at various angulations that are known to be accountable for healthy and diseased periodontium.
