ABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and progressive disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which ultimately causes demyelination and subsequent axonal injury. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-characterized animal model to study the etiology and pathogenesis of MS. This model can also be used to investigate various therapeutic approaches for MS. Herein; we have treated a score 3 EAE mouse model with an embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor. Clinical analysis showed recovery of the EAE model of MS following transplantation. We analyzed the proteome of spinal cords of healthy and EAE samples before and after transplantation. Proteome analysis revealed that expressions of 86 spinal cord protein spots changed in the EAE or transplanted mouse compared to controls. Mass spectrometry resulted in identification of 72 proteins. Of these, the amounts of 27 differentially expressed proteins in EAE samples returned to sham levels after transplantation, suggesting a possible correlation between changes at the proteome level and clinical signs of EAE in transplanted mice. The recovered proteins belonged to various functional groups that included disturbances in ionic and neurotransmitter release, apoptosis, iron hemostasis, and signal transduction. Our results provided a proteomic view of the molecular mechanisms of EAE recovery after stem cell transplantation. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we applied proteomics to analyze the changes in proteome pattern of EAE mouse model after embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor transplantation. Our proteome results clearly showed that the expression levels of several differentially expressed proteins in EAE samples returned to sham levels after transplantation, which suggested a possible correlation between changes at the proteome level and decreased clinical signs of EAE in transplanted mice. These results will serve as a basis to address new questions and design new experiments to elucidate the biology of EAE and recovery after transplantation. A thorough understanding of stem cell-mediated therapeutic mechanisms might result in the development of more efficacious therapies for MS than are currently available.
Subject(s)
Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental , Multiple Sclerosis , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Neural Stem Cells/metabolism , Proteome/metabolism , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Stem Cell Transplantation , Allografts , Animals , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy , Humans , Mice , Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism , Multiple Sclerosis/therapyABSTRACT
Oceanimonas sp. GK1 (IBRC-M 10197) is a marine halotolerant gammaproteobacterium which was characterized as producing large amounts of poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate. Here we present the whole-genome sequence of Oceanimonas sp. GK1, which consists of a single circular chromosome of 3,514,537 bp and two plasmids 8,462 and 4,245 bp in length.
Subject(s)
Aeromonadaceae/genetics , Genome, Bacterial , Salt Tolerance/physiology , Wetlands , Aeromonadaceae/classification , Aeromonadaceae/drug effects , Aeromonadaceae/physiology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology , Iran , Molecular Sequence Data , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
The draft genome of the aerobic, Gram-positive, halophilic chemoorganotroph Nesterenkonia sp. strain F consists of a 2,812,133-bp chromosome. This study is the first to report the shotgun-sequenced draft genome of a member of the genus Nesterenkonia.
Subject(s)
Genome, Bacterial/genetics , Micrococcaceae/genetics , Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Sequence DataABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis is considered a prototype inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the CNS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is one of the best-characterized animal models of multiple sclerosis. Comprehensive understanding of gene expression in EAE can help identify genes that are important in drug response and pathogenesis. We applied a 2-DE-based proteomics approach to analyze the protein expression pattern of the brain in healthy and EAE samples. Of more than 1000 protein spots we analyzed, 70 showed reproducible and significant changes in EAE compared to controls. Of these, 42 protein spots could be identified using MALDI TOF-TOF-MS. They included mitochondrial and structural proteins as well as proteins involved in ionic and neurotransmitter release, blood barriers, apoptosis, and signal transduction. The possible role of these proteins in the responses of mice to animal models of multiple sclerosis is discussed.
