ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Up to 50% of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) show resistance to diuretics. This condition contributes to a prolonged hospital length of stay and a higher risk of death. This review aimed to investigate whether a diuretic therapeutic approach more effective than furosemide alone exists for patients with diuretic-resistant AHF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating diuretic therapy in patients with diuretic-resistant AHF. We searched Pubmed, BioMed Central, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. RESULTS: Six RCTs were identified, involving a total of 845 patients. The P-score ranges from 0.6663 for furosemide to 0.2294 for the tolvaptan-furosemide. We found no significant differences in efficacy for any drug comparison. CONCLUSIONS: None of the diuretics considered in RCTs performed to date (tolvaptan, metolazone, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide) appear to be more effective than furosemide therapy alone for the treatment of patients with diuretic-resistant AHF.
Subject(s)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Drug Resistance/drug effects , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The literature offers numerous reviews and meta-analyses assessing the different regional anesthesia techniques employed for arthroscopic shoulder surgery (ATS) in terms of diverse outcome parameters. Most have focused on analgesic efficacy in the limited post-operative period as their primary outcome. Indeed, the most up-to-date guidelines are based on the results of comparisons that focus on analgesic efficacy and analgesic drug consumption. However, a correlation has yet to be demonstrated between post-operative analgesia and functional recovery; indeed, the latter has received relatively less research attention concerning the anesthetic technique despite its clinical importance. Here, we aimed to identify the best loco-regional anesthetic technique for ATS, considering all the evaluation parameters considered to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature review on ATS, searching for all the relative aspects of the regional anesthesia technique employed and the outcome parameters assessed. RESULTS: From the literature, it is not clear which technique is better than the others. No single technique was revealed as being the absolute best, independent of the outcome parameter considered, which included: post-operative analgesic effect, speed of functional recovery, ease, and safety of execution. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of anesthetic technique should be tailored to the patient and type of surgery. When comparing one type of loco-regional anesthesia against another, in addition to analgesic efficacy, a whole plethora of aspects need to be considered (i.e., feasibility, complications, contribution to functional recovery, etc.).
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Conduction , Arthroscopy , Pain, Postoperative/surgery , Shoulder/surgery , Humans , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The concept of migration is defined and categories describing such movements are outlined. "The author proposes a category of migration movements...which would allow for internationally comparable classifications. The basic characteristics are: type of frontier crossed, length and/or recurrence, [and] intentionality of movement...." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)
Subject(s)
Classification , Decision Making , Emigration and Immigration , Models, Theoretical , Terminology as Topic , Time Factors , Behavior , Demography , Population , Population Dynamics , ResearchABSTRACT
PIP: The author discusses difficulties involved in research concerning the foreign population residing in Italy. Aspects considered include organization, financing, and compiling and coordinating results from different agencies.^ieng
Subject(s)
Data Collection , Ethnicity , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Financial Management , Organization and Administration , Research Design , Research , Statistics as Topic , Transients and Migrants , Culture , Demography , Developed Countries , Economics , Emigration and Immigration , Europe , Italy , Population , Population Characteristics , Population DynamicsABSTRACT
PIP: The relationships among the status of women, demographic trends, and development are examined separately for developed and developing regions. Aspects considered include nuptiality, fertility, morbidity and mortality, infant mortality, migration, and the family cycle.^ieng
Subject(s)
Demography , Developed Countries , Developing Countries , Economics , Emigration and Immigration , Family Characteristics , Family , Fertility , Infant Mortality , Marriage , Morbidity , Mortality , Population Dynamics , Social Change , Socioeconomic Factors , Women's Rights , Disease , PopulationABSTRACT
PIP: A framework for the information needed to study adequately the phenomenon of foreign immigration in Italy is proposed. The research currently being carried out on this topic by the Italian Committee for the Study of Population is also described.^ieng
Subject(s)
Emigration and Immigration , Ethnicity , Research Design , Research , Transients and Migrants , Culture , Demography , Developed Countries , Europe , Italy , Population , Population Characteristics , Population DynamicsABSTRACT
PIP: Differential mortality between rural and urban residents in Italy is analyzed for 1971 and 1972. Among the factors considered are age, sex, working conditions, level of education, diet, sanitary and ecological conditions, and the spatial distribution of the population (SUMMARY IN ENG, RUS)^ieng
Subject(s)
Mortality , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Demography , Developed Countries , Economics , Europe , Italy , Population , Population Characteristics , Population DynamicsABSTRACT
PIP: The author examines possible future population trends in Europe. In particular, distinctions are made between the likely alternatives for population trends in Western, Northern, Southern, and Eastern Europe. The possibilities of stationary or declining populations are discussed^ieng
