ABSTRACT
The review is devoted to sources of lipids in enteral and parenteral nutrition. The role of omega-3 and omega polyunsaturated fatty acids in metabolism of some lipid mediators is examined.
Subject(s)
Enteral Nutrition , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Lipids/chemistry , Parenteral Nutrition , Animals , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/chemistry , Fish Oils , Humans , Lipid MetabolismABSTRACT
Effect of mesodiencephalic modulation on small intestinal mucosa was studied in rats subjected to massive blood loss. Massive blood loss induced structural changes in intestinal epitheliocytes typical of tissue hypoxia: intraintestinal edema, mitochondrial alterations, and microcirculation disturbances. A single session of mesodiencephalic stimulation carried out 60 min after massive blood loss produced a pronounced adaptive effect, restored disturbed structure of the intestinal villi, and induced compensatory hypertrophy of the mitochondria. This suggests that mesodiencephalic modulation promotes normalization of intracellular energy metabolism, improves the absorption capacity of bordered enterocytes, and restores the disturbed intestinal barrier.
Subject(s)
Diencephalon/physiopathology , Hemorrhage , Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure , Intestine, Small/ultrastructure , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Electric Stimulation , Enterocytes/ultrastructure , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Intestine, Small/pathology , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
In this review the role of glutamine in enteral nutrition in intestinal insufficiency is shown. It is emphasized, that glutamine plays an important role in preservation of structure and function of intestines in normal state and under stressful condition.
Subject(s)
Enteral Nutrition , Glutamine/pharmacology , Glutamine/physiology , Intestines/drug effects , Animals , Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Diet , Energy Metabolism , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/physiology , Glutamine/administration & dosage , Glutamine/metabolism , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/physiology , Intestines/physiology , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Rats , Stress, Physiological/metabolism , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In experiments on 10 dogs with external blood loss and reinfusion it was demonstrated, that in hemorrhagic and posthemorrhagic periods oxygen consumption by the organism is determined not only by O2 demands of the large circulation tissues, but to a great extent by demands in O2 in the system of lesser circulation, what is being evidenced by activation of the metabolic function of the lungs. It turned out that in pathogenesis of postinfusion respiratory insufficiency reactions of lipid oxidation in the lungs play a significant role.
Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion, Autologous , Hemorrhage/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Oxygen Consumption , Animals , Dogs , Hemorrhage/complications , Hemorrhage/therapy , Lipid Metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiologyABSTRACT
In experiments on rats it has been demonstrated that in the acute period of uninjured parts of the lungs periodic changes of protein, lipid and glucose concentrations developed. In uninjured parts of the lungs one can observe more concentration of lipids and in injured parts-more glucose. The changes of substrates, concentrations in the lungs are due to not only the changes of venous blood excess in the lungs, but are connected with metabolic changes in the cells of the injured and uninjured parts of the lungs. The metabolic changes in the lungs in the acute period of chest trauma influence the creation of such indices of gas exchange as PaCO2 and PACO2.
Subject(s)
Contusions/pathology , Lung/pathology , Thoracic Injuries/pathology , Animals , Contusions/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Lung/physiopathology , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Proteins/metabolism , Pulmonary Gas Exchange , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Thoracic Injuries/metabolismABSTRACT
Rates of absorption of nitric component, lipids and carbohydrates were studied in dogs with autoperfusion of intestinal loop. In spite of a great energetic value of the lipid component, its increased contents in nutrient mixture is less significant than the carbohydrate contents for maintaining the absorption of plastic components. The data obtained suggest that caloric supply is only significant at the level of assimilation of nutrient components supplying the energy for inclusion of plastic elements into the organism structure and not at the stage of transfer of the amino acids from enteral into inner milieu.
Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Energy Metabolism , Intestinal Absorption , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Animals , Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Dietary Proteins/metabolism , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, DrugABSTRACT
The lipid spectrum and lipolytic activity of the duodenal contents of an endogenous dense fraction of the chyme and mucous depositions were studied in small intestine. A considerable augmentation of the lipase activity was found in endogenous dense fraction of the chyme and in mucous depositions as compared to the duodenal juice activity.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Secretions/metabolism , Lipids/analysis , Lipolysis , Animals , Dogs , Intestinal Secretions/enzymology , Lipase/metabolism , Monoacylglycerol Lipases/metabolism , PancreasABSTRACT
Data on the lipid and lipase activity distribution between the solid and liquid phases of the enteric coacervate formed from pancreatic secretion at lower pH is described. It is established that after coacervation the amount of lipids available for extraction increases, the lipase activity of sample grows, the major part of the lipase activity becomes localized in the solid phase. The solid phase is rich in lipids, the content of which pH dependent. A hypothetical mechanism of these phenomena and some computations are presented.
Subject(s)
Digestion , Duodenum/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Lipolysis , Animals , Colloids , Dogs , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Intestinal Secretions/metabolism , ViscosityABSTRACT
Experiments on normal unanesthetized polyfistulous dogs kept on a mixed diet were made to study the basal lipid ratios of the duodenal and small intestinal chyme. It was shown that the duodenal and small intestinal chyme underwent homeostasis as regards the basal lipid class at the expense of the adding endogenous lipids to digestive juices. The ratios mentioned did not change substantially as a result of lipid absorption during exposure of the chyme in an isolated part of the intestine. The data obtained suggest that the rate of lipid absorption depends on the lipid profile of the chyme.
