[Molecular-cellular mechanisms of light radiation and weak magnetic fields on the blood status and microcirculation system (at therapeutic doses) with using modern magnetolaser equipment (review of the literature)].

This review covers the molecular-cellular mechanisms of therapeutic action of light and magnetic field on blood components, blood vessels and the microcirculation system. Noted the role of the magnetic field as a trigger of vasodilation/vasoconstriction, depending on the initial vascular tone. Discussed the importance of NO-dependent effects of magnetic field on the microcirculatory response and angiogenesis.

Cancer-preventive activities of secondary metabolites from leaves of the bilberry Vaccinium smallii A. Gray.

Ten secondary metabolites including flavonoids (1-8), caffeic (9) and chlorogenic (10) acids were structurally identified from the extract of Sakhalin bilberry Vaccinium smallii leaves and studied in vitro as potential cancer-preventive agents. The results showed that compounds 1-10 inhibited EGF-induced neoplastic transformation of mouse JB6 Cl 41 P+ cells in soft agar with an inhibition concentration (INCC50) of 20-80 µm. Moreover, all these natural products were non-toxic against JB6 Cl 41 P+ cells up to a concentration of 200 µm.

[Evaluation of pepsinogen A expression in stomach cancer]. / Analiz ékspressii genov pepsinogena A pri rake zheludka.

The report deals with a molecular-genetic study of human pepsinogen A (PGA) genetic locus. EcoRI, HindIII and BamH 1 restriction endonuclease technique were employed. The investigation involving 58 patients with stomach cancer (SC) and 18 healthy donors failed to identify any significant PGA genetic restructuring in the blood of healthy donors. However, DNA sampled from tumor tissue showed lower expression and deletion of PGA fragments as compared with those of unaltered gastric mucosa in the same patients. Such changes were identified in 27 SC patients.

[Cloning of amplified nucleotide sequences of DNA in a patient from a high-risk stomach cancer family]. / Klonirovanie amplifitsirovannykh nukleotidnykh posledovatel'nostei DNK chlena sem'i s vysokim riskom vozniknoveniia raka zheludka.

An abnormally long shorter shoulder of chromosome 21 was identified in 3 out of 4 members of a family at high risk for gastric cancer. We attempted to clone the amplified fragments of DNA of one of the family members who had the same chromosomal marker. This was done after the amplified sequences were enriched by re-association in phenolic emulsion, and 52 clones were obtained. All inserts were separated and each was hybridized on filters containing Hind III DNA of patient O.L. and that of a healthy donor. Hybridization with the genome DNAs of patient O.L. and the donor failed to go through in 9 inserts. Hybridization with all genomic DNAs went through in 34 inserts. Hybrids with one or several Hind III fragments of DNAs of O.L. and the donor were formed in 9 inserts. The size of fragments with varying molecular weight in inserts 6, 9, 11, 30, 39, 43 and 44 identified in the DNA of patient O.L. was 3-10 times that in the DNA of the donor. The differences in the molecular weight and size of the detected bends seem to indicate that we succeeded in cloning at least several different amplified fragments of the genome of the patient.

[Molecular genetics of human tumors]. / Molekuliarnaia genetika opukholei cheloveka.

The survey dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Prof. N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, gives a basic idea of molecular pathogenesis of tumor in humans, particular emphasis being placed on the clinical and applied aspects of molecular oncology. The survey is intended for a wide audience including doctors, professors and undergraduate students majoring in medicine and biology.

Biological activity of disulfated polyhydroxysteroids from the Pacific brittle star Ophiopholis aculeata.

The action of (20R)-cholesta-5,25-diene-3 alpha, 4 beta, 21-triol 3,21-disulfate and its 25,26-dihydroanalog from the Pacific brittle star Ophiopholis aculeata was studied on mouse cancer cells, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. The cytotoxic and hemolytic effects were not observed for both steroids at the wide range of concentrations. Both steroids inhibited 3H-Thymidine (but not 3H-Uridine) incorporation into Ehrlich carcinoma cells. It was the first time shown that some sulfated marine polyhydroxylated steroids stimulate the influx of Ca2+ into cells. (20R)-Cholesta-5,25-diene-3 alpha, 4 beta, 21-triol 3,21-disulfate was two times more active than its 25,26-dihydro-analog.

[Rat liver mitochondrial DNA treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine]. / Issledovanie mitokhondrial'noi DNK pecheni krys, obrabotannykh 1,2-dimetilgidrazinom.

Primary structure of 5'-end 16S RNA gene of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) isolated from rat liver tissue within 20 hrs after treatment with 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine, was analyzed. The preparations studied did not contain mutations induced by the drug. The region of mDNA analyzed appears not to be a preferential target for mutagenic effect of 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine unber these experimental conditions.

[Biochemical and molecular biological aspects of stomach cancer development in human and animal]. / Biokhimicheskie i molekuliarno-biologicheskie aspekty gastrokantserogeneza u cheloveka i zhivotnykh.

Expression of protooncogenes c-myc, N-myc, c-fos, Ha-ras 1, Ki-ras 2, yes, abl, src, N-ras, met and mos was studied in human gastric tumors and in rat gastric mucosal membrane during gastric carcinogenesis induced in rats by means of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine (MNNG). Elevated expression of protooncogenes c-myc, c-fos, Ha-ras 1, Ki-ras 2, N-myc and Raf 1 was observed in carcinomas of human stomach. Amplification of Ha-ras 1 protooncogene was found in the human gastric tumor and metastasis. Point mutation was not detected in 12 the codon of Ha-ras I protooncogene. Expression of these protooncogenes was not altered during gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in rats. However, within early steps of cancerogenesis (9 days, 3 months) amplification of ribosomal genes occurred in rat gastric mucosal membrane and in adenocarcinoma developed, while the tumor growth was accompanied by activation of mitochondrial genes.

[Determination of the role of DNA cytosine methylation in human genetic individuality]. / Ustanovlenie roli metilirovaniia tsitozina DNK v geneticheskoi individual'nosti cheloveka.

By the restriction analysis method we established that methylation of the 5'-end cytosine in 5'-m5CC-3' duplexes had individual specific features. This genetic peculiarity did not change even in DNA from human stomach carcinomas.

[A new method of duplex ultrasonic examination of the state of blood supply to the ciliary body]. / Novyi sposob dupleksnogo ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniia sostoianiia krovosnabzheniia tsiliarnogo tela.

Duplex ultrasonic scanning was used to examine blood supply to the ciliary body. The study helped quantitatively assess the ciliary body hemodynamics. The hemodynamic parameters in diseases of the anterior segment of the eye (cataracts, glaucoma, corneal dystrophy, etc.) significantly differed from the norm: pulsative index 2.32 vs. the normal value of 1.57, systolic/diastolic ratio 7.29 vs. 6.23, the peak systolic rate 12.59 cm/sec vs. 34.36 cm/sec, maximal rate 6.56 cm/sec vs. 14.36 cm/sec, mean rate 4.0 cm/sec vs. 8.76 cm/ces, volumic rate 1.47 ml/min vs. 3.66 ml/min. The examinations helped detect early disorders in the blood supply to the ciliary body. New ultrasonic equipment: Quantascope (Vital Science, England) and DRF-1000 (Piasonics, USA) was used, that proved highly informative and reliable.

[A molecular genetic analysis of the 12th codon of the Ha-ras-1 proto-oncogene in human carcinoma and stomach ulcer cells]. / Molekuliarno-geneticheskii analiz 12-go kodona protoonkogena Ha-ras-1 v kletkakh kartsinomy i iazvy zheludka cheloveka.

A method of the restriction analysis by Msp I enzyme has been used to analyze the 12th codon of Ha-ras-1 protooncogene in 10 human carcinomas and in the stomach mucosa adjacent to them their 5 metastases into the regional lymph nodes and in 2 ulcers. No point mutation was found.

[Intraocular correction in surgery of unilateral cataract in children]. / Intraokuliarnaia korrektsiia v khirurgii odnostoronnei katarakty u detei.

A total of 488 operations of cataract extraction with implantation of intraocular lenses have been performed in children aged 7 mos to 14 yrs; there were 460 traumatic cataracts and 28 congenital ones. Better functional results have been achieved in children with traumatic cataracts: vision acuity has recovered to 0.3-1.0 in 81.8% and binocular vision in 78.1% of cases. In children with congenital cataracts vision acuity has restored to 0.2-0.5 in 83.3% and binocular vision in 33.3% of cases.

[Polymorphism of restriction fragments of the Ha-ras-1 protooncogene in patients with carcinoma and ulcers of the stomach]. / Polimorfizm restriktsionnykh fragmentov protoonkogena Ha-ras-1 u bol'nykh kartsinomoi i iazvoi zheludka.

Ha-ras restriction fragments' length polymorphism (RFLP) in white blood cells and stomach tissues from patients with carcinoma and ulcer of the stomach was examined. Genomic DNAs were digested with Xho I, Pvu II, Pst I, Msp I, Bcn I, Mva I, Bsp RI. No Ha-ras-1 polymorphic variants specifically associated with the cancer disease were detected. RFLP of the 3'-noncoding sequence of c-Ha-ras-1 gene had got features of the definite human population. The cells forming the tissue were examined and individual peculiarity of the methylated residues disposition seemed to influence RFLP of the 5'-noncoding sequence of c-Ha-ras-1.