[Dynamics of Reaching Imago Stage by F1 Animals after Terahertz Irradiation of Parental Drosophila].

Terahertz radiation (0.1­10 THz) is increasingly becoming a factor of human habitat. The study of the consequences of radiation allows one to estimate its possible biological danger. Our data indicate that the terahertz irradiation of parental Drosophila shortens the period of embryonic development of their first generation descendants. Significant deviations of data from the control were found, when both females and males were experimental parents. The highest portion of animals with accelerated hatching as compared with the control was found in progenies from irradiated females. The shift of maximal hatching peak to an earlier period was found in descendants of both sexes. Thus, it was for the first time found on the model object (Drosophila) that the terahertz irradiation of parents can have positive or negative consequences in the first generation descendants.

[Life Span of F1 Progeny of Female Drosophila Exposed to Low Intensity Terahertz Irradiation].

Virgin female fruit flies were stressed by placement into a confined space without food for 3 hours. Some flies were subjected to terahertz irradiation (0,1-2,2 THz) for the last 30 min. Irradiated and nonirradiated females were then copulated with males. We investigated the F1 progeny of fruit flies with mature and immature oocytes at the moment of irradiation (days of oviposition: 1-2 and 9-10 after irradiation). Life span of individual flies was evaluated. It was demonstrated that terahertz radiation does not influence the absolute and average lifespan of the F1 progeny in both sexes. In response to terahertz irradiation the sexual dimorphism was detected. Survival curves of males, developed from mature and immature oocytes at the time of irradiation, differ significantly from the appropriate control, whereas in the case of females the survival curves are similar to the control. It is concluded that terahertz radiation has a remote effect on a survival of the F1 male progeny.

[Terahertz radiation influence on stressed Drosophila life span].

Virgin fruit fly females and males were stressed by placement into a confined space without food for 3 hours. Part of stressed flies were subjected to terahertz irradiation (0.1-2.2 THz) during 30 min. Life span of individual flies was evaluated. Terahertz radiation had some positive influence on male survival during the stage of monotonic decrease in flies number and negative effect during the stage of relatively stable number of flies. The survival of irradiated females on the stage of sharp decline in the number of flies was higher than in stressed and control females. Authors propose that terahertz radiation has an indirect effect on gene expression and signaling pathways which control the survival and life span of Drosophila.

[Survival and life span of Drosophila melanogaster in response to terahertz radiation].

Life span control is realized by an interaction of many genetic factors with environment. Due to development of new modern technologies based on non-ionized terahertz radiation (0,1-10 THz) the investigation of this radiation influence on living organisms becomes actual. In our study terahertz radiation effects on survival and life span of Oregon R line of Drosophila meanogaster were multidirectional depending on the age of the insects. Terahertz effect on survival was negative or neutral in the early life and positive in the later life. In Drosophila response to terahertz radiation sex differences were manifested. Males were not very sensitive to terahertz radiation. Irradiated female survival was increased significantly in the second half of imago life. Irradiation of Drosophila not influenced significantly on average and maximal values of life span, but the gap between the values of average life span of males and females in this group of insects was increased. Mechanisms of terahertz radiation effects on survival and life span maybe associated with changes in cellular membrane, gene expression and signaling pathways, controlling these properties.

[Physiology and cybernetics: the history of mutual penetration of ideas, modern state and perspectives. To a 60-th anniversary of a writing the book "Cybernetics"by N. Wiener].

Description of the history of cybernetics origin and physiology influence on it is given. Role of Russian and foreign physiologists in becoming and development of cybernetics and contribution of cybernetic theorists (N. Wiener and A.A. Lyapunov) to physiology are shown. Becoming and a modern state of various sections of cybernetic physiology and perspective of connection of cybernetics with integrative physiology are considered.

[Analysis of inorganic elements in serum: state-of-the-art].

The author proposes to classify gross and trace elements by the level of their investigations in physiology and biochemistry. By using the facts, he discusses whether X-ray fluorescence and spectral analyses with inductively-bound plasma may be to develop an adequate procedure that can determine the serum content of the maximum possible number of chemical elements during one analytical procedure.

[The peculiarities of fluorescence of natural steroid hormones, excited by a laser source of the UV range].

The data of studies were summarized that demonstrated for the first time the fluorescence of the members of all classes of steroid hormones. The fluorescence spectra were characterized, the relative fluorescence quantum yields were estimated, and the dependence of the intensity and spectrum of fluorescence on the presence and position of side groups and double bonds in the molecule of the hormone was established.

Activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension.

We measured activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in plasma and tissue of NISAG and normotensive WAG rats. In different organs of NISAG rats, activity of this enzyme did not differ from the corresponding values of WAG rats, although enzyme activity in the plasma of NISAG rats was significantly lower than that of WAG rats. Since NISAG rats are characterized by low activity of renin in the renal cortex, it is hypothesized that NISAG rats simulate the low-renin hypertension, in which inhibition of activity of the angiotensin-production system results from elevation of arterial pressure of central origin.

[Current trends on cholinergic effect on secretion and activity of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme]. / Sovremennye predstavleniia o kholinergicheskom vliianii na sekretsiiu i aktivnsost' renin i angiotenzinprevrashchaiushchego fermenta.

This article concerned to insufficiently studied subject on regulatory influence of cholinergic system on key parameters of renin-angiotensin system (renin and angiotensin converting enzyme activity and secretion). Literature data and author's investigations are considered. Influence of systemic and intrarenal infusions of acetylcholine, its analogues and antagonists, inhibition of vagal activity, denervation of kidney, increased and decreased parasympathetic tonus on renin and angiotensin converting enzyme secretion is discussed. Molecular mechanisms of acetylcholine influence on juxtaglomerular cells are considered. Regulatory significance of cholinergic influence on reninangiotensin system is discussed.

[Influence of diet without added bran on the contents of corticosteroid hormones in adrenal gland and blood plasma of rats]. / Vliianie bezotrubevoi diety na soderzhanie kortikosteroidnykh gormonov v nadpochechnikakh i plazme krovi krys.

The article is devoted to the influence of one-bran diet on functioning adrenal gland. There was investigated a level of corticosteroid and 11-dehydrocorticosterone in blood and adrenal gland rats and also aldosterone and desoxycorticosterone in adrenal gland. The consumption of one-bran diet results in increase of a corticosterone level in blood and contents of 11-dehydrocorticosterone in adrenal gland and thus is a stressful factor. The transition of animals on to a vivarium standard diet does not remove this condition completely.

[Metabolic activity of blood and bone marrow cells after exposure to low dose ionizing radiation]. / Metabolichna aktyvnist' klityn krovi ta kistkovoho mozku za umov diï nyz'kykh doz ionizuiuchoho oprominennia.

The processes of heat production in blood and bone marrow cells by method of microcalorimetry in the experiments on the rats in different terms after radiation influence were study. The irradiation of animals led to some increase of power heat energy production in bone marrow cells. The changes of heat processes in blood and bone marrow cells during month after irradiation were established.

[Measurement of plasma renin activity using fluorescent substrate renin]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti renina plazmy krovi s ispol'zovaniem fliuorestsentnogo substrata renina.

Direct chromatographic method for measuring renin activity by high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The method is based on enzymatic hydrolysis of a new fluorescent substrate renin with formation of fluorescent angiotensin I (fAI). The content of fAI is evaluated by a calibration curve reflecting a linear relationship between the ratio of fAI and internal standard areas and the amount of resultant fA1 in reaction mixture. 100 microliters plasma is needed for analysis. After 1-h incubation at 37 degrees C the reaction mixture is introduced directly into chromatographic system with a precolumn. Acetonitrile gradient in 0.05 M Tris-TPU buffer (pH 8.0) allows a satisfactory separation of hydrolysis products. The sensitivity of the method is 100 pg fAI/ml. The method adequately reflects species characteristics of plasma renin activity and its changes caused by stimulation of renin secretion, is characterized by higher selective activity than radioimmunoassay, and is more rapid.

[Comparative study of effect of infrared, submillimeter, and millimeter electromagnetic radiation on wing somatic mutations in Drosophila melanogaster induced by gamma-irradiation]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie vliianiia élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia infrakrasnogo, submillimetrovogo i millimetrovogo diapazonov na indutsirovannye gamma-oblucheniem somaticheskie mutatsii kletok kryl'ev Drosophila melanogaster.

It was shown that the number of spontaneous and gamma-radiation-induced somatic mutations in wing cells of fruit flies (third instar larvae) exposed to laser irradiation of submillimeter range (lambda = 81.5 microns) was significantly lower than in control. Laser irradiation did not affect the number of recombinations. Exposure to laser radiation in the infrared range and electromagnetic waves of the millimeter range (lambda = 3.8 mm) enhanced the effect of gamma-irradiation.

[Cholinergic influence on the hemodynamics and excretory functions of the kidney]. / Kholinergicheskoe vliianie na gemodinamiku i ékskretornye funktsii pochki.

The review of publications on intrarenal targets of acetylcholine and on mechanisms of its effects on renal hemodynamics (renal blood flow, autoregulation and distribution of it, glomerular filtration rate, contractile structures of glomerulus) and excretory functions, (diuresis and electrolyte excretion). The literary data on an independence of tubular responses to acetylcholine from hemodynamic changes are adduced. Molecular mechanisms and a role of muscarinic receptors in acetylcholine action on kidney as well as a central cholinergic regulation of kidney function and effect of stimulation of efferent vagus on kidney are considered. The conclusion about a possibility of participation of the cholinergic system in control of renal blood flow and excretory function is down.

[The effect of an acetylcholine analog on the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lung, kidney and plasma of the arterial and renal venous blood of rats]. / Vliianie analoga atsetilkholina na aktivnost' angiotenzinprevrashchaiushchego fermenta v legkom, pochke i plazme arterial'noi i pochechnoi venoznoi krovi u krys.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity after i.v. carbachol administration increased in the renal cortex and decreased in the renal venous plasma. Carbachol did not affect the pulmonary ACE activity. The renal ACE pool seems to be more sensitive to cholinergic effect than the pulmonary one.

[Disorders developing under combined exposure to ionizing radiation and stress]. / Izuchenie narushenii, razvivaiushchikhsia pri kombinirovannom deistvii ioniziruiushchei radiatsii i stressa.

The combined influence of gamma-radiation in a dose of 1 Gy and restriction stress was studied in experiments on 62 rats. The severity of gastric mucosal erosive and ulcerative lesions, the rate of lipid peroxidation, and hepatic homogenate heat generation were determined by microcalorimetry. The developing disorders were corrected by administering sodium succinate. Animal radiation resulted in modified stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions which appeared as increases in the total number of ulcerations. The use of sodium succinate was followed by less severity of erosive and ulcerative gastric mucosal lesions, lower levels of malonic dialdehyde, and decreased hepatic homogenate heat elaboration.

[The indices of lipid metabolism and of lipid peroxidation in acute intestinal obstruction and the administration of plasma substitute solutions]. / Vyvchennia deiakykh pokaznykiv lipidnoho obminu ta perekysnoho okyslennia lipidiv pry hostrii kishkovii neprokhidnosti i vvedenni plazmozaminiuiuchykh rozchyniv.

The influence of the intravenously infusion of plasma substitute solution from the whey on the some indices of the lipid metabolism and the lipid peroxidation were studied in the experiments on the model of ileus. Resive data indicate the considerable alteration of the lipid peroxidation under ileus. The infusion therapy of the solution from the whey decreased the level of lipoperoxides and malondialdehyde in the liver and reduced the level of beta-lipoproteins in serum of blood.

[The effect of a stable acetylcholine analog on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the lung, kidney and arterial blood plasma of rats with increased sympathetic activity]. / Vliianie stabil'nogo analoga atsetilkholina na aktivnost' angiotenzinprevrashchaiushchego fermenta legkogo, pochki i plazmy arterial'noi krovi u krys a povyshennoi simpaticheskoi aktivnost'iu.

Anesthetised rats with sympathetic overactivity were selected by previous testing on the base of the plasma level of corticosterone, norepinephrine and epinephrine, arterial pressure reactivity on epinephrine and acetylcholine injections, and difference between carotid and tail arterial pressure. Basal ACE activity in kidney, lung, and arterial plasma of such rats was in 5, 3 and 1.7-fold more than in mesotonic rats, respectively. I.v. administration of carbachol (10(-9) and 10(-8) mol/kg) produced decrease in arterial plasma ACE activity in dose-dependent manner (from 40 to 20 nmol/ml.min) and diminution of lung ACE activity (on 18%). It is suggested that carbachol produces an inactivation and inhibition of ACE secretion by lung and lung ACE biosynthesis in sympathetic overactivity rats. A pattern of ACE activity in plasma, kidney and lung is determined by the sympathetic-parasympathetic balance.