ABSTRACT
Cooling of beams of gold ions using electron bunches accelerated with radio-frequency systems was recently experimentally demonstrated in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Such an approach is new and opens the possibility of using this technique at higher energies than possible with electrostatic acceleration of electron beams. The challenges of this approach include generation of electron beams suitable for cooling, delivery of electron bunches of the required quality to the cooling sections without degradation of beam angular divergence and energy spread, achieving the required small angles between electron and ion trajectories in the cooling sections, precise velocity matching between the two beams, high-current operation of the electron accelerator, as well as several physics effects related to bunched-beam cooling. Here we report on the first demonstration of cooling hadron beams using this new approach.
ABSTRACT
The available literature reports only rare cases of injuries inflicted by the speargun shots. The last publication of this sort of which we are aware dates back to 1960. This article describes an example from the expert practice concerning the accident involving a wound caused by the speargun shot to a member of an amateur fishing party. The authors examined the weapon of injury (a 'Zelinka' speargun), the harpoon, its head, and fragments of the skin with the traces of the punctured wound obtained from the corpse of the victim. The investigative experiment included the underwater shooting from different distances with the use of a pork carcass as the target. The results of the comparative studies gave evidence of the possibility of formation of the wounds caused by exactly that harpoon, its head and cord which served as the weapons of the wound experienced by the victim. Moreover, the distance and the direction of the shot as well as a number of important concomitant circumstances of the accident were determined.
Subject(s)
Forensic Ballistics/methods , Wounds, Penetrating , Firearms/classification , Forensic Pathology/methods , Humans , Wounds, Penetrating/etiology , Wounds, Penetrating/pathologyABSTRACT
The objective of the present work was to study the structure of the male sexual glands in 5 patients who died within 21 days after the craniocerebral injury and in 6 other subjects who died from a similar injury at the site of the event. The conventional histological and morphometric methods were used for the purpose. It was shown that all structural components of the sexual gland undergo strong atrophic changes that are especially well pronounced in the epithelial spermatogenic layer. Generally speaking , these changes can be described as 'motley atrophy of the sexual glands' that turns into germinal aplasia having the transitory character.
Subject(s)
Genitalia, Male/pathology , Adult , Atrophy/diagnosis , Atrophy/etiology , Atrophy/pathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology , Diagnosis , Forensic Pathology/methods , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
High-energy electron cooling, presently considered as an essential tool for several applications in high-energy and nuclear physics, requires an accurate description of the friction force which ions experience by passing through an electron beam. Present low-energy electron coolers can be used for a detailed study of the friction force. In addition, parameters of a low-energy cooler can be chosen in a manner to reproduce regimes expected in future high-energy operation. Here, we report a set of dedicated experiments in CELSIUS aimed at a detailed study of the magnetized friction force. Some results of the accurate comparison of experimental data with the friction force formulas are presented.
ABSTRACT
The diagnostic value of determination of plasma fibronectin in chronic hepatic diseases was examined on the basis of the data available in the literature and the authors' own results of studies. The procedure for measuring fibronectin in healthy subjects and patients with hepatic cirrhoses and chronic persistent hepatitis is briefly outlined. Possible mechanisms of fibronectin level alterations are discussed in these pathological processes.
Subject(s)
Fibronectins/blood , Hepatitis/blood , Liver Cirrhosis/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Chronic Disease , Fibronectins/metabolism , Hepatitis/diagnosis , Hepatitis/pathology , Humans , Kupffer Cells/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Plasma fibronectin, a glycoprotein having a great molecular weight and a quaternary structure is a specific animal protein that maintains the body's homeostasis on exposure to various adverse factors, such as mechanical, thermal or chemical injuries, infection, hemorrhage, intoxication or immune disease. In acute phenol intoxication, fibronectin levels were increased in rats up to 680 mg/l during 48 hours after the onset of priming and decreased up to 240 mg/l during the following 48 hours and then became stable. In acute aniline intoxication, fibronectin concentrations were decreased up to 120-130 mg/l during 4 days, later on its level became higher. The mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon are tentatively outlined. This is an acute phase process in the first case (phenol intoxication) and a stress process in the functioning of the reticuloendothelial system in the other case (aniline intoxication).
Subject(s)
Aniline Compounds/poisoning , Fibronectins/blood , Phenols/poisoning , Acute Disease , Animals , RatsABSTRACT
The theoretical and methodological aspects of fibronectin isolation and quantitative determination in biological fluids are analysed on the basis of the communications available in the literature and the authors' own data. The procedure of applying the analyzed methods, potential complexity and errors in interpreting the data obtained by various methods are briefly outlined. Possible fields of their application, such as basic and clinical investigations, biotechnological production, etc. are also discussed.
