[The algorithm of planning the needs in medical care provided in out-patient conditions to elderly age groups of population using mathematical models].

The purpose of the study is to develop algorithm for planning the need in medical care provided in out-patient conditions to elderly groups of population based on mathematical modeling methods. Research materials and methods. As a source of information, data on cases of medical care provided to the population of elderly age groups (60 years and older) were used. The probability of access was studied in each one-year age interval, starting from the age of 60 years. The principle of mathematical modeling was based on functional approach applying algebraic functions by least squares method (regression analysis). The final choice of mathematical model was made in favor of mathematical function having largest value of approximation coefficient. The degree of influence of analyzed variable "age" was evaluated by residual variance calculation.It is established that overall need for out-patient care is higher in women. The maximum consumption in both women and men falls on the age of 76 years. After this age, frequency of visits decreases regardless of gender. Minimal levels of need are observed in the oldest age groups (95-100 and older). The variability of the indicator is higher in men, both at the area of need increasing and at the stage of need decreasing. The existence of common mechanisms and factors underlying the formation of the need for out-patient care confirms the use of the identical functions in modeling process. The character of modeling function has no gender differences. The age dynamics is described optimally by polynomial functions. The proposed models of age dynamics of out-patient visit rates of representatives of elder age groups in more than 90% describe existing fluctuations using non-smoothed data.

[The analysis of health condition of individuals aged 40 years and older and going in for sports].

The attitude to high physical loads on organism in the middle and older age groups is ambiguous, from optimistic to completely pessimistic, associated with possibility of development pathological processes because of high physical activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate health status of people aged 40 years and older involved in sports. The health data was obtained through interviewing athletes aged 40 years and older competing in track and field events at distances of 10 kilometers or more. In total, 1800 questionnaires were distributed, and 1649 completed questionnaires were returned. The analysis of health status was implemented on the basis of self-rated health and objective characteristics (medical care appealability, acute diseases incidence, chronic diseases availability, fact of medication intake). The very high level of health self-rate was established in individuals involved in sports, that persisted along age increasing. No gender differences were revealed (4.00-4.07 for males and 3.89-4.08 for females). According to survey results, less than half of male respondents consulted physician during a year. The level of appealability was stable in all age groups surveyed. The average rate of acute diseases per year in athletes of older age groups did not exceed 1.16 diseases per year and was slightly higher in females. With age, the indicator tended to decrease in males and to increase in females. The prevalence rate of chronic diseases was low in both males and females and with age it tended to increase in males and remained almost stable in females. The rate of regular medication intake was lower than rate of chronic diseases, this difference was especially significant in females. According to respondents, sport activities, despite heavy loads and age, contribute to organism health enhancement. This opinion was specific for more than 90% of athletes, regardless of their gender. In the oldest age group (60 years and older) 94.3% of respondents expressed reported that their health improved after starting running. However, sufficient number of athletes are concerned about potential risk of training that is the reason to organize system of medical monitoring of athletes, especially in older age groups.

[The dynamics of morbidity and mortality of malignant neoplasms of blood system а population of St. Petersburg].

The morbidity of hematologic malignant neoplasms increases all over the world, while mortality rate decreases slowly that causes significant economic losses in society due to blood system tumors. It also proves relevance of research of morbidity and mortality of these diseases both in the Russian Federation and certain regions. The goal of the research was to analyze dynamics of indicators of primary morbidity and mortality of hematologic malignant neoplasms among residents of St. Petersburg in 1990-2017. the study was based on Federal statistical accounting forms and official state statistics. It was established that in 2017 St. Petersburg took the 2nd place among all territories of the Russian Federation in terms of primary morbidity and mortality of hematologic malignant neoplasms. Morbidity and mortality rates of males was higher than in females. The highest morbidity rates were established in the age group of 70-79 years. The same group also had the highest mortality rates. Over the research period, the incidence rate increased by 78.2%. The maximum increase in the incidence rate was registered for the group of active able-bodied age. The mortality rates decreased by 43.4%. The results of the research demonstrated that the need for oncologic hematological medical care will increase in case that actual tendencies of mobility and mortality continue. It proves that this type of medical care is be made more available to population through its active development. Also, comprehensive disease prevention program must be developed.

[Induction of Hsp104 synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inhibited by the petite mutation in the stationary growth phase].

The elevation of Hsp104 (heat shock protein) content under heat shock plays a key role in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. Hsp104 synthesis is increased under heat stress in the stationary growth phase. As shown, the loss of mitochondrial DNA (petite mutation) inhibited the induction of the Hsp104 synthesis under heat stress (39 degrees C) during the transition to the stationary growth phase. Also, the petite mutation suppressed the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the same phase, which led to lower thermotolerance. At the same time, the mutation inhibited production of the reactive oxygen species and prevented cell death under heat shock in the logarithmic growth phase. The results of this study suggest that disruption of the mitochondrial functional state suppresses the expression level of yeast nuclear genes upon transitioning to the stationary growth phase.

Heat shock induces production of reactive oxygen species and increases inner mitochondrial membrane potential in winter wheat cells.

Heat shock leads to oxidative stress. Excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation could be responsible for expression of genes of heat-shock proteins or for cell death. It is known that in isolated mammalian mitochondria high protonic potential on the inner membrane actuates the production of ROS. Changes in viability, ROS content, and mitochondrial membrane potential value have been studied in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultured cells under heat treatment. Elevation of temperature to 37-50°C was found to induce elevated ROS generation and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, but it did not affect viability immediately after treatment. More severe heat exposure (55-60°C) was not accompanied by mitochondrial potential elevation and increased ROS production, but it led to instant cell death. A positive correlation between mitochondrial potential and ROS production was observed. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane by the protonophore CCCP inhibited ROS generation under the heating conditions. These data suggest that temperature elevation leads to mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization in winter wheat cultured cells, which in turn causes the increased ROS production.

Mechanism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell death induced by heat shock. Effect of cycloheximide on thermotolerance.

The mechanism of yeast cell death induced by heat shock was found to be dependent on the intensity of heat exposure. Moderate (45°C) heat shock strongly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death. Pretreatment with cycloheximide (at 30°C) suppressed cell death, but produced no effect on ROS production. The protective effect was absent if cycloheximide was added immediately before heat exposure and the cells were incubated with the drug during the heat treatment and recovery period. The rate of ROS production and protective effect of cycloheximide on viability were significantly decreased in the case of severe (50°C) heat shock. Treatment with cycloheximide at 39°C inhibited the induction of Hsp104 synthesis and suppressed the development of induced thermotolerance to severe shock (50°C), but it had no effect on induced thermotolerance to moderate (45°C) heat shock. At the same time, Hsp104 effectively protected cells from death independently of the intensity of heat exposure. These data indicate that moderate heat shock induced programmed cell death in the yeast cells, and cycloheximide suppressed this process by inhibiting general synthesis of proteins.