Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Cladribine/adverse effects , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/chemically induced , Respiratory Insufficiency/chemically induced , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cladribine/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnostic imaging , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A pilot study addressed potential effects of long-term exposure to chlorination products in swimming pools. The indicator compound chloroform was detectable in blood from competitive swimmers in an indoor pool (mean = 0.89 +/- 0.34 microgram/l; n = 10), but not in outdoor pool swimmers. No hepatotoxic effect was indicated by serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) enzyme levels. beta-2-microglobulin, an indicator of renal damage, was significantly elevated in urine samples of the slightly, but significantly, younger indoor swimmers. The precise ratio between these 2 possible causes, age and chloroform exposure, as well as the mechanism of the former, remain to be elucidated.
Subject(s)
Chlorine/adverse effects , Swimming Pools , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Chloroform/blood , Humans , Kidney Diseases/blood , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Liver/enzymology , Liver/physiology , Liver Diseases/blood , Pilot Projects , Risk Factors , Time Factors , beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/bloodABSTRACT
In order to arrive at transparent and comparable inventories, the IPCC, in cooperation with the OECD, is currently developing a common methodology and reporting guidelines for the estimation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. To gain experience with the IPCC methodology, inventories are currently being carried out in various countries. This paper describes the African experience regarding emission inventories and preliminary results of the studies. It focuses on several important sources of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in Africa: biomass burning; rice cultivation; and animals.
