[Changes in the content of catecholamines in blood lymphocytes after food consumption in young men in accordance with pronounced body fat component].

We examined practically healthy young men (81 in the ages from 17 to 21 years), the students living in the city of Krasnoyarsk, for whom we defined their somatotypes according to V.P. Chtetzov scheme (1978) and component content of the body (fat, muscle and bone) by caliperometry technique. Catecholamine content (CC) in blood lymphocytes was analysed by luminescence-histochemical technique. Medical examination was carried out both in the fasted state, and in an hour after food intake (mixed breakfast). On an empty stomach CC content was practically the same in the young men of all the compared somatotypes. After food intake, CC statistically meaningful increase was revealed only in abdominal somatotype youngsters as compared to the same indices on an empty stomach (p=0.026). In abdominal somatotype we also found considerably higher CC content after food intake in comparison with the other somatotypes: chest (р=0.021), muscle (р=0.022) and inexplicit (р=0.029). Also, in abdominal somatotype, we revealed the highest absolute indices of fatty tissue content in body composition as compared to other somatotypes: chest (р=0.00000002), muscle (р=0.0002), inexplicit (р=0.000007). Considering CC level before and after food intake, we didn't mark any statistically relevant difference between the youngsters with different body mass indices (BMI). This finding could be caused by the following peculiarity of the BMI evaluation: on the one hand, the growth/weight ratio was calculated, on the other hand, body fatty tissue pronouncement wasn't. Besides, it is fatty tissue, which makes one of the most massive target tissues for CC, and therefore it greatly influences and regulates adipocyte functions. The research allows making the conclusion on the role of the expressiveness of body fatty tissue content as considerable factor, which influences CC content after food loads.

[Daily calorie and macronutrient consumption in girls of different somatotypes with different shares of body fat, muscle and bone components].

211 practically healthy girls, the students of Krasnoyarsk Medical University in the ages of 16 to 20 years, have been examined. We determined their somatotypes (euriplastic, athletic, subathletic and stenoplastic) and body composition (fat, muscle, bone component). Actual nutrition in these subjects was studied by the method. of 24-hour nutrition recall involving foodstuffs models. Energy consumption in cohorts with different somatotypes did not differ from one another and ranged from 1880 to 2115 kilocalories per day, that corresponded to normal physiological needs in women of this age with the coefficient of physical activity as 1.4 (students). Only the intake of fat (% of calories) exceeded the performance standards. As for macronutrients, the majority of indicators of nutrient intake did not differ significantly among girls with different somatotype, except for fat intake in girls with athletic and stenoplastic somatotypes (p<0.034) and carbohydrate consumption in the objects with euriplastic and subathletic somatotypes (p<0.046). The most significant of the findings is the absence of veracious differences in daily energy consumption between the cohorts with different somatotypes with statistically considerable, differences in both overall dimensions (body mass and length) and the ratios between fat, muscle and bone as somatic components. In general, macronutrient consumption did not show any differences as well. Thus, apart from the energy and macronutrient consumption, definite meaning within the process of the formation of body composition can belong to the characteristics of the changes following nutrition load on lipoid spectrum of blood serum as well 'as the peculiarities of the distribution of substrate flow among cell metabolic paths, appropriate of definite somatotypes.

[Alteration of serum lipid profile in young men with different somatotypes after food load].

Serum lipid profiles of 76 men of young age (17-21years) were investigated using thin layer chromatography and determination of somatotypes was realized using the scheme of V.P. Chtetsov et al. (1978). The investigation was conducted on an empty stomach and after one hour after food loads (test meal with energy value of 419 kcal, content of proteins - 17,9 g, fats - 11,9 g, carbohydrates - 60,1 g). Regularities inherent to certain somatotypes were revealed. In young men with the abdominal somatotype (with the most pronounced fat component), changes evidencing membranes rigidity growth were revealed: cholesterol esterification processes inhibition and increase of sphingomyelin after meal (p = 0.001). In young men with muscular somatotype the highest level of phosphatidylcholine and the lowest level of easily-oxidized phospholipid fractions in comparison to other somatotypes [thoracic (p = 0.044), abdominal (p = 0.037) and undetermined (p = 0.021)] were registered. General rule is lowering of the free fatty acids levels after meal in comparison with the indices on the empty stomach for all somatotypes: thoracic (p = 0.0001), muscular (p = 0.012), abdominal (p = 0.041) and undetermined (p = 000018). Definiteness of the effect of lowering of free fatty acids levels after meal for all somatotypes could evidence the importance Of this process for maintaining the homeostatic body constants.

Effect of Food Load on Activities of Enzymes of the Main Metabolic Pathways in Blood Lymphocytes in Girls with Different Anthropometric Parameters.

Changes in enzyme activities reflecting functioning of the basic metabolic pathways in cells (Krebs cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway) were evaluated in blood lymphocytes of girls of different somatotypes with different body composition under conditions of food load. A common regularity was found: a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity after meal in girls of all somatotypes. Specific features of individual somatotypes were also revealed. Only girls of athletic somatotype showed increased lactate dehydrogenase level after food load. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased (more than twice) after food load only in girls of euryplastic somatotype. This somatotype is characterized by maximum values of fat and other components of the body. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the first enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; activation of this pathway accompanies enhancement of synthetic processes, including lipid synthesis. This can contribute to accumulation of the fat component (and other components) due to redistribution of substrate flows between metabolic pathways.

[Morphofunctional parameters of immunocompetent blood cells in people with varying constitutions]. / Morfofunktsional'nye parametry immunokompetentnykh kletok krovi u liudei raznoi konstitutsii.

The examination of young healthy men has allowed to establish peculiarities of metabolism and reactivity of immunocompetent cells in relation to their somatotype. In individuals with somatotypes processing high fatty component (abdominal and undetermined) total lipid content in lymphocytes is increased predominantly due to unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol ethers; the activity of dehydrogenases (succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase) is increased. Cell responsiveness to emotional stress is sharply reduced. Metabolism is the most balanced, and regulatory processes are most mobile in muscular somatotype.

Participation of Indo-European tribes in ethnogeny of the mongoloid population of Siberia: analysis of the HLA antigen distribution in mongoloids of Siberia.

Three hundred forty-three Yakuts (mongoloids of central Asian type living in Siberia) were tested for HLA-A, -B, and -C loci. The HLA antigen distribution corresponds on the whole to a mongoloid population with high frequency of the HLA-A9, -B15, and -B40 antigens (phenotype frequencies .533, .367, and .405, respectively). At the same time a strikingly high frequency for the "Indo-European" HLA-A1 antigen (phenotype frequency .282) was detected, which in Yakuts is found exclusively with HLA-B17 (haplotype frequency x 1,000 = 87.0; linkage disequilibrium value x 1,000 = 63.8). The present paper deals with a new hypothesis of the Yakut ethnogenesis according to which ancient Aryan tribes formed the substratum which was later assimilated by the mongoloid and Turkic populations. Another hypothesis that I have advanced argues that from analysis of the HLA system the ancient Aryans formed, a local group within the Indo-European entity, with high frequency for HLA-A1 and -B17 antigens and for the HLA-A1,B17 haplotype and with a complete absence of or very low frequency for the HLA-B8 antigen and for the HLA-A1,B8 haplotype. Significant linkage disequilibrium, as it is found in Indians and Yakuts, etc., could have resulted from mixing of the Aryans with non-Indo-European tribes. No significant linkage disequilibrium between A1 and B8 characteristic of the European caucasoids was produced in the mixing.