ABSTRACT
The aim was to quantify the effect of selective inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the radiation response of mouse oral mucosa to daily fractionated irradiation. Irradiation comprised graded single doses of 25 kV X-rays to the lower tongue surface or fractionated doses of 5 x 3 Gy week(-1) (200 kV X-rays) over 1 or 2 weeks, followed by graded local doses, to generate full dose-effect curves. For selective inhibition of EGFR, BIBX1382BS, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1), for the entire overall treatment time. The ED50 (the dose expected to induce ulcer in 50% of the mice) for untreated mucosa was 11.9 +/- 1.2 Gy. Fractionated irradiation administered over 1 or 2 weeks yielded ED50 values for the concluding test irradiation of 6.7 +/- 2.1 and 6.5 +/- 1.9 Gy, respectively. Administration of BIBX1382BS resulted in a non-significant increase of the top-up ED50 to 8.3 +/- 1.6 Gy (p = 0.1197) after 1 week and to 7.6 +/- 1.6 Gy (p = 0.2263) after 2 weeks. EGFR inhibition does not alter the radiation response of oral mucosa to fractionated irradiation or interfere with mucosal repopulation processes. This indicates that the regulation of mucosal repopulation is largely independent of EGFR activation.
Subject(s)
ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors , Mouth Mucosa/radiation effects , Tongue/radiation effects , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H , Radiation ToleranceSubject(s)
Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Dura Mater/blood supply , Glaucoma/etiology , Headache/etiology , Papilledema/etiology , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnosis , Tinnitus/etiology , Vision Disorders/etiology , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Embolization, Therapeutic , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/complicationsABSTRACT
Identification of microorganisms by traditional microbiological methods is time consuming. The German Federal Health Office has developed a method using mid-infrared spectroscopy to identify microorganisms rapidly. This method has been modified for application to microorganisms important in the dairy industry. Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopies are well-established methods for quantitative measurements of fat, protein, lactose, and solid content in a variety of products. A disadvantage of both methods is the huge absorption due to water; extraction of other components is complicated and can be achieved only statistically. With Raman spectroscopy, water causes less absorption. We investigated the use of Raman spectroscopy as a quantitative method for milk powder.
