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1.
Dis Aquat Organ ; 107(3): 223-34, 2014 Jan 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24429473

ABSTRACT

Vibrio ordalii is the causative agent of atypical vibriosis and has the potential to cause severe losses in salmonid aquaculture. To prevent and control outbreaks, a rapid, reproducible, sensitive, and effective diagnostic method is needed. We evaluated a new conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol using a primer set (VohB_Fw-VohB_Rv) designed to amplify a 112 bp fragment flanking the vohB gene (coding for hemolysin production), against 24 V. ordalii strains isolated from different fish species, the V. ordalii type strain, and 42 representative related and unrelated bacterial species. The primer set was species-specific, recognizing all V. ordalii strains evaluated, with no cross-reaction with the other bacterial species. A sensitivity of 103 copies of the vohB gene was obtained with a standard curve. When the VohB_Fw-VohB_Rv qPCR protocol was applied to Atlantic salmon seeded tissues (kidney, liver, spleen, and muscle), the detection limit ranged from 5.27 × 102 to 4.13 × 103 V. ordalii CFU ml-1, i.e. 62 to 145 copies of the vohB gene, using the previously calculated standard curve. The conventional PCR also detected V. ordalii, but the total reaction time was 1 h longer. When the qPCR protocol was applied to naturally infected cage-cultured Atlantic salmon samples, 5 of 8 fish tested positive for V. ordalii, but only one of them was diagnosed as positive by direct cultivation on agar. We conclude that the PCR protocol evaluated is fast, specific, and sensitive enough to detect V. ordalii in infected tissues and is an important tool for secure diagnosis of atypical vibriosis, and is therefore helpful for the control of the disease through the prompt detection within fish populations.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology , Hemolysin Proteins/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Vibrio/classification , Vibrio/genetics , Animals , Hemolysin Proteins/genetics , Kidney/microbiology , Liver/microbiology , Muscle, Skeletal/microbiology , Salmo salar , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spleen/microbiology , Tissue Culture Techniques
2.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 13(2): 61-67, mar.-dic. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-440998

ABSTRACT

Los hongos de podredumbre blanca de la madera tienen la capacidad de producir un complejo enzimático con actividad oxidativa contra una amplia variedad de sustancias tóxicas recalcitrantes como plaguicidas, tintes, hidrocarburos poliaromáticos, explosivos, etc., que contaminan suelos y cuerpos de agua. Su propagación sobre suelos contaminados, la producción de enzimas ligninolíticas y la biodegradación de contamimantes, se favorece cuando estos hongos se inoculan en el suelo mezclados con materiales lignocelulósicos que les suministran la fuente de carbono necesaria para sotener su crecimiento e inducir la producción del complejo enzimático. Este trabajo muestra la capacidad para producir las enzimas ligninolíticas manganeso peroxidasa (MnP) y lignino peroxidasa (LiP) en cultivos de los hongos Bjerkandera adusta y Phanerochaete chrysporium sobre tres materiales lignocelulósicos: viruta de madera, carozo de maíz y compost de jardinería. De estos materiales, la viruta de madera permitió alcanzar los mayores títulos de la enzima MnP, con valores de 5.0 U/g de material seco cuando se cultiva con Bj. adusta y de 1.3 U/g de material seco con P. chrysosporium, mientras que con carozo de maís se obtienen las mejores actividades de LiP. Estos materiales se mostraron adecuados para favorecer la producción de enzimas ligninolíticas y para ser empleados como soportes en la inoculación de hongos sobre suelos contaminados


Subject(s)
Soil , /analysis , Fermentation/physiology
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