ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The judgment a child makes about his/her competence in the motor domain is known as perceived motor competence, a key element in building the child's healthy behavior; a Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) seems to be a suitable perceived motor competence's assessment, but its validity needs to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the internal structure, the convergent validity, and the reproducibility of the PMSC. METHODS: The sample comprised 187 Brazilian healthy schoolchildren (9.6 years ± 0.8); it was applied to the questionnaires PMSC and the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale. RESULTS: PMSC's confirmatory factor analyses indicated adjustment indexes classified as adequate for a two-factor model; there were satisfactory reliability indices (Cronbach's alpha: 0.654 and 0.652 for locomotion and object control sub domains, respectively); convergent validity (r=0.41 and r=0.56, p<0.001, for locomotion and object control sub domains, respectively). CONCLUSÃO: These results contribute to the accumulation of sources of evidence for the PMSC as a valid tool for perceived motor competence assessment in a local and global context.
INTRODUÇÃO: O julgamento que uma criança faz sobre sua competência no domínio motor é conhecido como competência motora percebida, um elemento-chave na construção do comportamento saudável da criança. A Escala Pictórica de Percepção de Competência nas Habilidades de Movimento (PMSC) parece ser uma ferramenta adequada na avaliação do PMC, mas sua validade precisa ser testada. OBJETIVO: Examinar a estrutura interna, a validade convergente e a reprodutibilidade da escala PMSC. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 187 escolares brasileiros saudáveis (9,6 anos ± 0,8); foram aplicados os questionários PMSC e a escala Self-Perception Profile for Children. RESULTADOS: As análises fatoriais confirmatórias indicaram índices de ajuste classificados como adequados para um modelo de dois fatores para a PMSC; os índices de confiabilidade foram satisfatórios (alfa de Conbrach: 0,654 e 0,652 para os subdomínios locomoção e controle de objetos, respectivamente); validade convergente (r=0,41 e r=0,56, p<0,001, para os subdomínios locomoção e controle de objeto, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados contribuem para o acúmulo de fontes de evidências para que a escala PMSC seja, de fato, uma ferramenta válida para a avaliação da competência motora percebida em um contexto local e global.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Body Image , Child Health , Motor Skills , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Being and perceiving oneself as proficient in motor skills seems essential for an active lifestyle; conversely, being active and perceiving oneself as proficient may be associated with greater motor competence. By expanding the causal path view about the relationship between active and healthy developmental system elements, this study tested the mediation hypothesis of perceived motor competence in the relationship between motor competence and physical activity - in both ways - and moderation by developmental phase and sex. This cross-sectional study sampled healthy schoolchildren (n = 379; 8.2 ± 1.7 years; 54.9% boys). Physical activity (questionnaire), motor competence (tests included locomotor and object control skills) and perception of motor competence (a pictorial scale) were assessed. Maximum likelihood structural equation models with fit statistics confirmed the mediation in both ways. Unexpectedly, the relationship between motor competence and physical activity was inverse. Sex was a moderating variable (boys). In a systemic relational paradigm of human development, perceived motor competence, motor competence, and physical activity interact in an active and healthy behavioural system, but the complexities of understanding how these elements relate to one another across childhood point to the need for future longitudinal studies.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Motor Skills , Male , Humans , Child , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Systems AnalysisABSTRACT
A tarefa de levantar-se do solo a partir do decúbito dorsal (STS) tem apresentado recursos avaliativos complementares, em termos de julgamento do desempenho motor, físico e funcional em idosos por meio de medidas quantitativas e qualitativas. Especificamente, em medidas de processo (qualitativas) há sete protocolos que categorizam o desempenho do STS em idosos. Objetivo: Determinar o nível de confiabilidade intra e entre avaliadores da análise de processo do STS em idosos, segundo protocolo adaptado de Manini et al. Métodos: 25 idosos (12 mulheres) realizaram a tarefa de levantar-se do solo a partir do decúbito dorsal sem auxílio. Dois codificadores de vídeo, estudantes de graduação no nível superior de educação - tempo de experiência > 2 anos em Educação Física e ± 6 meses de uso do protocolo classificaram o desempenho dos idosos de acordo com o protocolo. A confiabilidade intra-avaliador e entre avaliadores foi considerada moderada (K = 0,533; p = 0,001; K = 0,466; p = 0,001) e substancial para a medida intra-avaliador 2 (K = 0,736; p = 0,001). O nível de confiabilidade intra e entreavaliadores do STS segundo o protocolo adaptado de Manini foi considerado moderado para sujeitos idosos. (AU)
The Supine-To-Stand task (STS) has presented complementary assessment resources, in terms of motor, physical and functional assessment in the elderly through quantitative and qualitative measures. Specifically, in process measures (qualitative) seven protocols categorize the performance of STS in the elderly. Objective: To determine the level of reliability within and between evaluators of the STS process analysis in the elderly, according to a protocol adapted from Manini et al. Methods: 25 elderly (12 female) performed the task of rising from the ground from the supine position without assistance. Two video encoders, graduate students at the higher education level - time of experience >2 years in Physical Education and ± 6 months in use of the protocol classified the performance of the elderly according to this protocol. Intra-rater and between rater reliability was considered moderate (K = 0.533; p = 0.001; K = 0.466; p = 0.001) and substantial for intra-rater 2 (K = 0.736; p = 0.001). The level of intra- and inter-rater reliability of the STS according to the adapted protocol of Manini was considered moderate for elderly subjects. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged/physiology , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Motor Skills , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Performance in the supine-to-stand (STS) task is an important functional and health marker throughout life, but the evaluation methods and some correlates can impact it. This article aims to examine the studies that assessed the performance of the STS task of young people, adults and the elderly. Evidence of the association between the STS task and body weight status, musculoskeletal fitness and physical activity was investigated, and a general protocol was proposed. MEDLINE/Pubmed and Web of Science databases were accessed for searching studies measuring the STS task directly; identification, objective, design, sample, protocols and results data were extracted; the risk of bias was assessed (PROSPERO CRD42017055693). From 13,155 studies, 37 were included, and all demonstrated a low to moderate risk of bias. The STS task was applied in all world, but the protocols varied across studies, and they lacked detail; robust evidence demonstrating the association between STS task and musculoskeletal fitness was found; there was limited research examining body weight status, physical activity and the STS task performance. In conclusion, the STS task seems to be a universal tool to track motor functional competence and musculoskeletal fitness throughout life for clinical or research purposes.
Subject(s)
Hand Strength , Postural Balance , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Status , Humans , Infant , Male , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Sitting Position , Time and Motion Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Motor competence (MC) is an attribute associated with positive health behaviors; contextual factors, seems to play a important role for MC of children. The purpose of this study was to compare the MC of preschool children in two different years and to identify the effect of contextual factors (school type and family income). Two representative samples of children (3 to 5 years old) from Recife were assessed in two time periods: 2010 (n= 282 children, 151 boys) and 2012 (n=270 children, 148 boys). MC was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development - 2. Data analysis used the Anova Two-Way and the Ancova tests adjusted by type of school (public and private) and family income, a p <0.05 was used. Locomotor skills, object control and overall motor quotient were superior for the children analyzed in 2010. Furthermore, the school type and income increased the effect size in the differences in object control skills and the general motor quotient. We can conclude that there was a decrease in MC of the preschool population after two years and that the contextual variables type of school and family income are important for the development of MC.
RESUMO A competência motora (CM) é um atributo associado a comportamentos positivos de saúde; fatores contextuais, parecem desempenhar um papel importante para CM de crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a CM de pré-escolares em dois diferentes anos e identificar o efeito de fatores contextuais (tipo de escola e renda). Duas amostras representativas de crianças (3 a 5 anos) da cidade do Recife foram avaliadas em dois momentos: no ano de 2010 (282 crianças; 151 meninos) e 2012 (270 crianças; 148 meninos). A avaliação da CM foi realizada com o Test of Gross Motor Development - 2. A análise dos dados utilizou a Anova Two-Way e a Ancova ajustada por tipo de escola (pública e particular) e renda familiar, foi adotado um p<0.05. Foi identificada uma superioridade nas habilidades locomotoras, de controle de objetos e no quociente motor geral para as crianças analisadas em 2010 e o tipo de escola e renda aumentaram o tamanho do efeito das diferenças nas habilidades de controle de objetos e no quociente motor geral. Podemos concluir que houve uma diminuição na CM da população pré-escolar após dois anos e que as variáveis contextuais tipo de escola e renda são importantes para o desenvolvimento da CM.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Social Class , Motor Skills , Body Mass Index , Child Development , Postural Balance , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of a multi-component intervention on motor performance (MP) and metabolic risk markers (MRM) in overweight/obese youth. A secondary aim was to examine whether changes in MP are associated to changes in MRM. A 3-month multi-component intervention was performed, consisting of physical exercise sessions (twice/week;1h), nutritional education sessions (once/month), and parental support (twice/week). The sample included 35 volunteers (7-13 y.o), allocated to intervention (INT, n = 17) and control (CONT, n = 18) group. Variables were measured pre (T0) and post intervention (T1). Fasting blood samples were analyzed for MRM. MP tests included the measurement of health related physical fitness components and motor coordination performance (KTK battery). To assess food intake, a 24-hour recall diary was used. GLM-ANCOVA was performed. Standardized scores were calculated for the outcome variables, and multilinear regressions were applied to analyze associations between the key variables. INT group showed improvements in MP, glycolytic and hepatic profiles. After adjustments for MVPA, SB, total intake and maturational stage, negative associations between %ΔMP and %Δglycolytic (ß = -.424; 95%CI:-0.343:-0.022), and %Δhepatic scores (ß = -.382 95%CI:-0.001:-0.009) were observed. The intervention produced a moderate-to-high effect on the MP and some MRM. Changes in MP were inversely associated with changes in glycolytic and hepatic markers.
Subject(s)
Motor Activity/physiology , Pediatric Obesity/physiopathology , Pediatric Obesity/therapy , Physical Education and Training/methods , Adolescent , Child , Exercise Therapy , Female , Health Education , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Nutritional Status , Overweight/physiopathology , Overweight/therapy , Parents , Physical Fitness , Pilot Projects , Risk Factors , Social SupportABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate differences between sexes in motor competence (MC) by product- and process-oriented assessments, and examine the effect of maturation as a covariate influencing the MC of boys and girls. The sample comprised 50 adolescents (28 boys), aged 11-17 years (14.02 ± 2.49), from two public schools. The MC was evaluated in three skills (standing long jump, hop and throw) by process- (developmental sequences for body components) and product-oriented assessments (distance, time and speed, respectively). Maturation was evaluated with the peak height velocity (PHV). Sex differences were evaluated using ANOVA and, subsequently, ANCOVA, considering the PHV as a covariate. Boys had better MC in all the skills for product-oriented assessment, and most of body components for process-oriented assessment. After using the PHV as a covariate, the magnitude of differences between sexes increased in most of motor skills for both types of assessments, favoring boys. Considering the effect of maturation on the difference between the sexes in the MC, we emphasize the need to observe the maturation while studying the MC during adolescence.
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a diferença entre sexos na competência motora (CM) avaliada por produto e processo do movimento, e analisar o efeito da maturação como uma covariável influenciando a CM de rapazes e moças. A amostra foi composta por 50 adolescentes (28 rapazes), com idade entre 11 e 17 anos (14,02±2,49), provenientes de duas escolas públicas. A CM foi avaliada em três habilidades (salto horizontal, saltito e arremesso sobre o ombro), por meio de medidas orientadas ao processo (sequências desenvolvimentais por componentes corporais) e ao produto do movimento (distância, tempo e velocidade, respectivamente). A maturação foi avaliada com o pico de crescimento em estatura (PCE). Diferenças entre os sexos foram avaliadas com a ANOVA One-Way e, posteriormente, a ANCOVA, utilizando o PCE como covariável. Os rapazes tiveram melhor CM em todas as habilidades nas medidas de produto do movimento e na maioria dos componentes corporais, que mediram o processo do movimento. Após a utilização do PCE como covariável, a magnitude da diferença entre os sexos aumentou na maioria das habilidades motoras para ambos os tipos de medida, favorecendo os rapazes. Considerando o efeito da maturação sobre a diferença entre os sexos na CM, ressaltamos a necessidade de observar a maturação ao examinar a CM na adolescência.
