ABSTRACT
Depressive anxiety is one of the most emotional disorders in our industrial societies. Many treatments of phobias exist and are based on plant extracts therapies, which play an important role in the amelioration of the behavior. Our study aimed to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of different essential oils provided from local plants: Cinnamomum camphora (Camphora), Eucalyptus globulus (Blue gum), Lavandula stÅchas (Topped lavender) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) on Wistar rats. The adaptogenic activity was evaluated on the elevated plus-maze. The efficacy of the extract (200 mL/kg) was compared with the standard anxiolytic drug Diazepam® 1 mg. Animals administered by the essential oil of Lavandula stÅchas, Cinnamomum camphora, Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus showed a behavior similar to those treated with Diazepam®. For groups treated with the following essential oils: Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula stoechas and Cinnamomum camphora at a dose of 200 mL/kg, we notice an increase in the time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and a decrease in time spent on the closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, especially for Rosmarinus officinalis, which explains the anxiolytic effect of these plants. We also notice a decrease in the number of entries in closed arms, open arms and the number of passing to the central square. The increase in the number of entries to open arms with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil shows a reduction in anxiety behavior in rodents and this shows that these plants have an inhibitory effect.
Subject(s)
Cinnamomum camphora/chemistry , Eucalyptus/chemistry , Lavandula/chemistry , Medicine, Traditional/methods , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Rosmarinus/chemistry , Africa, Northern , Animals , Anxiety/physiopathology , Anxiety/prevention & control , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Avoidance Learning/physiology , Humans , Maze Learning/drug effects , Maze Learning/physiology , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Plant Oils/isolation & purification , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Background We report on our experience with the trans-sinusal frontal approach in removing olfactory groove meningiomas in the department of neurosurgery of Univesity Hospital Center of Annaba (Algeria). Methods Ten tumours were operated on by the trans-sinusal frontal approach; using a bicoronal incision; tree tumours developed on one side; and there were seven bilateral olfactosellar tumours. Our procedure : steotomy of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus was performed with an oscillating saw. The posterior wall of the sinus was resected and the tumour was removed through a real subfrontal route along the plane of the anterior skull base. Ethmoidal blood supply was early controlled at the initial stages of the operation; allowing avascular tumour debulking. Tumour extensions toward the sella and the optic canals were removed without brain retraction. Results Seven patients made a good neurologic recovery. Two was dead in the 24 hours after intervention and one four days after. Olfactory nets were preserved on the contralateral side in unilateral tumours. Conclusions The trans-sinusal frontal approach represents an excellent way for tumours developed in the central anterior skull base; especially for olfactory groove meningiomas; whatever their size
