ABSTRACT
An area-wide integrated tsetse eradication project was initiated in Zanzibar in 1994 by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the governments of Tanzania and Zanzibar, to eradicate Glossina austeni Newstead from Unguja Island (Zanzibar) using the sterile insect technique. Suppression of the tsetse population on Unguja was initiated in 1988 by applying residual pyrethroids as a pour-on formulation to livestock and by the deployment of insecticide impregnated screens in some of the forested areas. This was followed by sequential releases of gamma-sterilized male flies by light aircraft. The flies, packaged in carton release containers, were dispersed twice a week along specific flight lines separated by a distance of 1-2 km. More than 8.5 million sterile male flies were released by air from August 1994 to December 1997. A sterile to indigenous male ratio of >50:1 was obtained in mid-1995 and it increased to >100:1 by the end of 1995. As a consequence the proportion of sampled young females (1-2 ovulations), with an egg in utero in embryonic arrest or an uterus empty as a result of expulsion of a dead embryo, increased from <25% in the 1st quarter to >70% in the last quarter of 1995. In addition, the age structure of the female population became significantly distorted in favor of old flies (> or = 4 ovulations) by the end of 1995. The apparent density of the indigenous fly population declined rapidly in the last quarter of 1995, followed by a population crash in the beginning of 1996. The last trapped indigenous male and female flies were found in weeks 32 and 36, 1996, respectively. Time for 6 fly generations elapsed between the last catch of an indigenous fly and the end of the sterile male releases in December 1997.
Subject(s)
Pest Control, Biological , Tsetse Flies , Animals , Female , Insecticides , Male , Population Density , Pyrethrins/administration & dosage , TanzaniaABSTRACT
In a prospective randomized multicenter study Roxithromycin 150 mg or Doxycycline 100 mg was given b.i.d. p.o. for ten days to women with clinically diagnosed cervicitis. All women were seen as outpatients by one of eight licensed gynecologists in their private office in the Essen city area. With a cure and improvement rate of 100% in those women who completed therapy, Roxithromycin (n = 106) was as effective as Doxycycline (n = 104; 98%). At 90% Roxithromycin was as well tolerated as Doxycycline at 93%. Both drugs were clinically and microbiologically effective in eradicating Chlamydia trachomatis.
Subject(s)
Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Roxithromycin/therapeutic use , Uterine Cervicitis/drug therapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Uterine Cervicitis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Lymphocyte transformation under phytohaemegglutinin (PHA), spontaneous rosette formation and immunoglobulin concentration were measured in women with genital or breast carcinoma. It was found that (1) DNA synthesis of lymphocytes under PHA was normal in women with stage I and II cervical carcinoma, slightly decreased in stage III; (2) DNA synthesis of lymphocytes under PHA was slightly but significantly decreased in untreated patients with breast carcinoma; (3) after radiotherapy, both for cervical and body of the uterus carcinoma, there was a significant decrease of PHA-stimulated DNA synthesis of lymphocytes compared with healthy females and with patients at the same stage of tumour spread not treated by radiotherapy; (4) there was no significant difference in spontaneous rosette formation between radiated patients with cervical or breast carcinoma, on the one hand, and healthy controls and non-radiated patients, on the other; (5) IgG levels were slightly but significantly decreased in patients with ovarian carcinoma while in cervical, breast and body of the uterus carcinoma they were normal, IgA and IgM levels were significantly raised.
