[Postpartum follow-up of women's health]. / Acolhimento no cuidado à saúde da mulher no puerpério.

This study focused on perceptions and practices in postpartum follow-up of women's health. The article is part of a larger qualitative study based on Gadamer, from October 2012 to September 2013 in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, with participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Participation included the family health team (a physician, nurse, and five health agents) and ten women (18 years or older, recruited in the last trimester of pregnancy, and receiving prenatal care with the family health team). The empirical categories were access to care and health demands and needs. The results highlight dissatisfaction with home visits: late, without priority, absent physician or nurse, irregular and discontinuous; lack of postpartum appointment; and difficult access to the physician. The women expressed displeasure with the limited appreciation of women's health needs: attention focused on the infant, scarcity of physical examination and patient history, insufficient orientation, and limited communication. The incipient characteristics of postpartum follow-up in this study show the need to transform the health team's practices to focus more attention on the woman, thereby improving postpartum care.

Acolhimento no cuidado à saúde da mulher no puerpério / Postpartum follow-up of women's health / Atención en el cuidado a la salud de la mujer durante el puerperio

Resumo: Este artigo objetivou compreender percepções e práticas relativas ao acolhimento no cuidado puerperal à mulher. Ele é parte de pesquisa qualitativa mais ampla, fundamentada em Gadamer, efetuada de outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2013, em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, com observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram equipe de saúde da família (médica, enfermeira e cinco agentes de saúde) e dez mulheres (18 anos e mais, último trimestre da gestação, pré-natal com a equipe). As categorias empíricas foram: acesso ao cuidado e demandas e necessidades de saúde. Os resultados destacam insatisfação com a visita domiciliar: tardia, sem priorização, médica/enfermeira ausente, assistemática e descontinuada; falta de consulta puerperal e acesso difícil ao médico. Há desagrado com a desvalorização das necessidades de saúde femininas: atenção focada no bebê, escassez de exame físico e anamnese, orientações insuficientes e comunicação limitada. A incipiência do acolhimento mostra a necessidade de transformar as práticas da equipe para conferir visibilidade à mulher, qualificando o cuidado puerperal.

Abstract: This study focused on perceptions and practices in postpartum follow-up of women's health. The article is part of a larger qualitative study based on Gadamer, from October 2012 to September 2013 in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, with participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Participation included the family health team (a physician, nurse, and five health agents) and ten women (18 years or older, recruited in the last trimester of pregnancy, and receiving prenatal care with the family health team). The empirical categories were access to care and health demands and needs. The results highlight dissatisfaction with home visits: late, without priority, absent physician or nurse, irregular and discontinuous; lack of postpartum appointment; and difficult access to the physician. The women expressed displeasure with the limited appreciation of women's health needs: attention focused on the infant, scarcity of physical examination and patient history, insufficient orientation, and limited communication. The incipient characteristics of postpartum follow-up in this study show the need to transform the health team's practices to focus more attention on the woman, thereby improving postpartum care.

Resumen: Este artículo tuvo como objetivo comprender las percepciones y prácticas relativas a la atención durante el cuidado puerperal de la mujer. Forma parte de una investigación cualitativa más amplia, fundamentada en Gadamer, efectuada de octubre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013, en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, con observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Participaron el equipo de salud de la familia (médica, enfermera y cinco agentes de salud), además de diez mujeres (18 años o más, en el último trimestre de gestación, bajo cuidado prenatal del equipo médico). Las categorías empíricas fueron: acceso al cuidado, demandas y necesidades de salud. Los resultados destacan la insatisfacción con la visita domiciliaria: tardía, sin priorización, médica/enfermera ausente, asistemática y descontinuada; falta de consulta puerperal y acceso difícil al médico. Existe desagrado con la desvalorización de las necesidades de salud femeninas: atención enfocada en el bebé, escasez de examen físico y anamnesis, orientaciones insuficientes y comunicación limitada. La insipiencia de la acogida expone la necesidad de transformar las prácticas del equipo para verificar la visibilidad de la mujer, cualificando el cuidado puerperal.

[Family Health Strategy professionals' view on the effects of Hansen's disease training]. / A visão de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobreos efeitos do treinamento de hanseníase.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating how professionals of family health teams from three municipalities of Pernambuco perceive and interpret the effects of Hansen's disease training. METHODS: A qualitative study using the perspective of Habermas. Six focus groups, totaling 33 nurses and 22 doctors were formed. The guide consisted of: reactions to training, learning, transfer of knowledge and organizational results. RESULTS: There were recurrent positive opinions on instructor performance, course materials, and an alert attitude to the occurrence of cases; the negative points were about lack of practical teaching, a lot of information in a short period of time and little emphasis on basic content. Low perceived self-efficacy and low locus of control, ambiguity, conflict of skills and the lack of support for the learning application. Nurses showed greater dissatisfaction with the organizational support. CONCLUSION: The low effectiveness of training reveals the need to negotiate structured training from work problematization, considering performance conditions.

Family Health Strategy professionals' view on the effects of Hansen's disease training / La visión de los profesionales de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia acerca de los efectos del entrenamiento de hanseniasis / A visão de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre os efeitos do treinamento de hanseníase

OBJECTIVEEvaluating how professionals of family health teams from three municipalities of Pernambuco perceive and interpret the effects of Hansen's disease training.METHODSA qualitative study using the perspective of Habermas. Six focus groups, totaling 33 nurses and 22 doctors were formed. The guide consisted of: reactions to training, learning, transfer of knowledge and organizational results.RESULTSThere were recurrent positive opinions on instructor performance, course materials, and an alert attitude to the occurrence of cases; the negative points were about lack of practical teaching, a lot of information in a short period of time and little emphasis on basic content. Low perceived self-efficacy and low locus of control, ambiguity, conflict of skills and the lack of support for the learning application. Nurses showed greater dissatisfaction with the organizational support.CONCLUSIONThe low effectiveness of training reveals the need to negotiate structured training from work problematization, considering performance conditions.

OBJETIVOEvaluar cómo los profesionales de los equipos de salud de la familia de tres municipios de Pernambuco perciben e interpretan los efectos del entrenamiento de hanseniasis.MÉTODOEstudio cualitativo que utiliza la perspectiva habermasiana. Se formalizaron seis grupos focales, totalizando 33 enfermeras y 22 médicos. Figuraron en el guión: reacciones al entrenamiento, aprendizaje, transferencia de aprendizaje y resultados organizativos.RESULTADOSFueron recurrentes las opiniones positivas acerca del desempeño del instructor, el material didáctico, la actitud de alerta a la ocurrencia de casos, negativas sobre falta de enseñanza práctica, mucha información a corto plazo y poca énfasis a los contenidos básicos. Notaron baja autoeficacia y bajo locus de control, ambigüedad, conflicto de competencias y la falta de soporte a la aplicación de lo aprendido. Las enfermeras mostraron mayor insatisfacción con el soporte organizativo.CONCLUSIÓNLa baja efectividad del entrenamiento revela la necesidad de negociar la capacitación desde la problematización del trabajo, considerando las condiciones para el desempeño.

OBJETIVOAvaliar como os profissionais das equipes de saúde da família de três municípios de Pernambuco percebem e interpretam os efeitos do treinamento de hanseníase.MÉTODOEstudo qualitativo que utiliza perspectiva habermasiana. Formalizaram-se seis grupos focais, perfazendo 33 enfermeiras e 22 médicos. Constaram do roteiro: reações ao treinamento, aprendizagem, transferência de aprendizagem e resultados organizacionais.RESULTADOSForam recorrentes as opiniões positivas sobre o desempenho do instrutor, o material didático, a atitude de alerta à ocorrência de casos, negativas sobre falta de ensino prático, muita informação em curto tempo e pouca ênfase em conteúdos básicos. Perceberam baixa autoeficácia e baixo locus de controle, ambiguidade, conflito de competências e a falta de suporte à aplicação do aprendido. As enfermeiras mostraram maior insatisfação com o suporte organizacional.CONCLUSÃOA baixa efetividade do treinamento revela a necessidade de negociar a capacitação a partir da problematização do trabalho, considerando as condições para o desempenho.

Acessibilidade à atenção fonoaudiológica em serviço de média complexidade / Accessibility to speech therapy care in service of mean complexity

OBJETIVO: avaliar a acessibilidade ao fonoaudiólogo em serviço de média complexidade do Recife. MÉTODOS: estudo avaliativo com triangulação de fontes de informação, realizado de fevereiro a outubro/2011. Participaram 38 menores de dez anos de idade, o fonoaudiólogo e dois funcionários do Serviço de Arquivo Médico (SAME). Utilizaram-se três questionários (acompanhantes das crianças, profissional e funcionários) elaborados com base no referencial de Donabedian. As crianças foram comparadas segundo cadastramento em Unidade de Saúde da Família, usando qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: o profissional atendia três vezes por semana, durante um turno. O SAME entre janeiro e outubro/2011 ofereceu 17 vagas à população do distrito, ocorrendo sistemático rechaço de demanda, conforme profissional e funcionários. Das crianças, 73,7% eram meninos, 73,7% com 5-9 anos, sendo 94,7% diagnosticadas na policlínica. Para primeira consulta, 89,5% vieram encaminhadas por médico; 76,3% com agendamento no SAME, 63,9% chegaram de madrugada para aprazar (mediana do tempo de espera foi de 4h30min); 83,3% marcaram na primeira tentativa, 22,2% encontraram dificuldade e 76,3% esperaram até 15 dias pelo atendimento. Observou-se tendência de maior dificuldade na marcação das cadastradas (p=0,069), provocando mais insatisfação. O fonoaudiólogo aprazava retorno. Para 68,4% acessibilidade geográfica foi satisfatória, existindo maior insatisfação quando cadastradas. CONCLUSÕES: apesar das limitações na oferta de consulta, agendamento e coordenação das ações, a maioria das crianças não encontrou dificuldade para ser atendida por fonoaudiólogo. A disparidade entre condições organizacionais e ausência de maiores obstáculos à entrada sugere que este comportamento não representa o padrão da acessibilidade organizacional no serviço avaliado. .

PURPOSE: to evaluate the accessibility to speech-language pathologist in service of mean complexity of Recife. METHODS: evaluative study with triangulation of information sources conducted in February-October2011. Participants were 38 children less than ten years old, the speech-language pathologist and two employees from the Medical File Service (MFS). Three questionnaires (children' accompanying, professional and MFS employees) were elabored based on the referential of Donabedian. The children were compared according to Family Health Unit registration using chi-square and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: the professional attended three times per week during shift. MFS offered 17 vacancies to the population of the district during January-October2011. A systematically rejection of demand occurred, according to the professional and employees. Of all children, 73.7% were boys, 73.7% were 5-9 years old and 94.7% were diagnosed at polyclinic. First consultation, 89.5% were conducted by a physician; 76.3% had appointments made by MFS, 63.9% arrived at dawn (the median waiting time was 4and a half hours); 83.3% made appointments at first attempt, 22.2% had difficulties and 76.3% waited until 15 days for attendance. A trend of great difficulty for appointments for registered ones (p=0.069), causing dissatisfaction. Professional set a return date. Geographic accessibility, 68.4% were satisfactory and had greater dissatisfaction when registered. CONCLUSIONS :despite the limitations in the consulting offers, making appointments and coordinating actions most children did not find it difficult to be attended by speech-language pathologist. The disparity between organizational conditions and absence of major barriers to enter suggests that this behavior represent no pattern of organizational accessibility in the assessed service. .

A comunicação médico-paciente na percepção de mulheres com nódulo mamário e indicação de biópsia / Doctor-patient communication as perceived by women with a mammary nodule recommended for biopsy

Compreender como a comunicação com mastologistas é percebida e interpretada no diagnóstico de nódulo mamário com indicação de biópsia. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com abordagem hermenêutica e crítica, efetuado em serviço de referência, em Recife, PE. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturada com 16 mulheres entre 35-63 anos de idade. Formaram-se dois grupos de mulheres (Grupo 1 com e Grupo 2 sem hipótese diagnóstica de câncer). Resultados: nenhuma mulher relatou interesse do médico por sua percepção da doença. A relação com mastologistas foi satisfatória para o Grupo 1, sobretudo, pela sinceridade e atitude solidária ao facilitar o acesso a consultas e exames. No Grupo2 predominou a percepção de falta de reciprocidade. A comunicação médico-paciente sucedeu, principalmente, enquanto era necessária ao profissional, para apreender demandas reconhecidas cientificamente e fornecer informações, sendo mais demorada e esclarecedora com o Grupo 1. A banalização do nódulo benigno pelo médico resultou numa enorme insatisfação das mulheres do Grupo 2 quanto às informações obtidas, em particular, na definição do diagnóstico e conduta. Em geral, desconsiderou-se direito da paciente de opinar sobre suas conveniências. Conclusões: a comunicação médico-paciente teve caráter informativo e paternalista, com maior atenção dedicada às mulheres com suspeita de câncer. Nenhuma delas, ainda quando muito insatisfeitas, visaram de fato um projeto terapêutico individual. Dialogar é tarefa difícil para médicos e pacientes...

To understand how communication with mastologists is perceived and interpreted on diagnosis of a mammary nodule recommended for biopsy. Methods: a qualitative, hermeneutical and critical, study was carried out at a referral center in Recife, in the Brazilian State of Pernambuco. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 women aged between 35 and 63 years. Two groups of women were formed (Group 1 with a possible cancer diagnosis and Group 2 without). Results: no woman reported any interest on the part of the physician in her perception of the disease. The relation with the mastologists was satisfactory for Group 1, especially in terms of sincerity and solidarity in providing access to consults and examinations. In Group 2, the perception of a lack of reciprocity was predominant. Doctor-patient communication succeeded principally when there was a need for the health worker to meet scientifically recognized requirements and provide information, with more time being taken and more clarification given with Group 1. The trivialization of a benign nodule by the physician resulted in enormous dissatisfaction among women in Group 2 in terms of information obtained, in particular in the diagnosis and course of action to be taken. Generally speaking, the patient's right to express an opinion regarding their degree of comfort was disregarded. Conclusions: doctor-patient communication is informative and paternalistic in nature, with greater attention being given to women suspected to have cancer. None of them, even where very dissatisfied, aimed at an individual treatment project. Dialogue is difficult for doctors and patients...

[Vulnerability to burnout among physicians at a public hospital in Recife]. / Vulnerabilidade ao burnout entre médicos de hospital público do Recife.

This study identified factors associated with burnout among physicians at a public hospital in Recife, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire (socio-demographic characteristics, working conditions and Maslach Burnout Inventory) was completed by 158 physicians (92.4%). Burnout was defined by a superposition of high scores in emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) and low scores on personal accomplishment at work (PA). Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used in the analysis and 5.1% had burnout. Female physicians were predominant in the sample (83.5%) especially those for longer than ten years in the profession (81.6%). High levels were found in EE (61.4%) and DP (36.7%) and low levels in PA (13.3%). There was an association between: high EE and "often/always" working very fast and "never/rarely" having enough time for tasks; high level of DP and working ten years in the profession and "often/always" doing tasks very fast; low level of PA and being female and "never/rarely" having enough time for tasks. Burnout and "often/always" working very quickly, "never/sometimes" having enough time for tasks, being male and having no expectation of professional growth. For 37.3%, two of the three dimensions indicate a high propensity to burnout, making transformation in working conditions a priority.

Vulnerabilidade ao burnout entre médicos de hospital público do Recife / Vulnerability to burnout among physicians at a public hospital in Recife

Identificou-se o burnout e fatores associados entre médicos de hospital público do Recife, Brasil, obtendo resposta de 158 profissionais (92,4% do total) para questionário autoaplicável (aspectos sociodemográficos, laborais e Maslach Burnout Inventory). Definiu-se burnout pela sobreposição de alta exaustão emocional (EE) e despersonalização (DP) e baixa realização profissional (RP). Aplicou-se qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher. Predominaram sexo feminino (83,5%) e tempo de profissão acima de 10 anos (81,6%). Constataram-se altos níveis de EE (61,4%) e DP (36,7%) e baixo nível de RP (13,3%), estando 5,1% com burnout. Mostraram associação: alto nível de EE e realizar "frequentemente/sempre" tarefas com muita rapidez e "nunca/às vezes" ter tempo suficiente; alto nível de DP e ter até dez anos de profissão e efetuar "frequentemente/sempre" tarefas com muita rapidez; baixo nível de RP e gênero feminino e "nunca/às vezes" ter tempo suficiente; burnout e executar "frequentemente/sempre" tarefas com muita rapidez, "nunca/às vezes" dispor de tempo suficiente, ser do gênero masculino e não ter expectativa de ascensão profissional. Para 37,3% duas das três dimensões indicavam alta propensão à síndrome. O burnout institui-se entre médicos, tornando premente a transformação das condições de trabalho.

This study identified factors associated with burnout among physicians at a public hospital in Recife, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire (socio-demographic characteristics, working conditions and Maslach Burnout Inventory) was completed by 158 physicians (92.4%). Burnout was defined by a superposition of high scores in emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) and low scores on personal accomplishment at work (PA). Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used in the analysis and 5.1% had burnout. Female physicians were predominant in the sample (83.5%) especially those for longer than ten years in the profession (81.6%). High levels were found in EE (61.4%) and DP (36.7%) and low levels in PA (13.3%). There was an association between: high EE and "often/always" working very fast and "never/rarely" having enough time for tasks; high level of DP and working ten years in the profession and "often/always" doing tasks very fast; low level of PA and being female and "never/rarely" having enough time for tasks. Burnout and "often/always" working very quickly, "never/sometimes" having enough time for tasks, being male and having no expectation of professional growth. For 37.3%, two of the three dimensions indicate a high propensity to burnout, making transformation in working conditions a priority.

[Burnout syndrome among general hospital nurses in Recife]. / Síndrome de Burnout entre enfermeiros de um hospital geral da cidade do Recife.

This descriptive, cross sectional, census study identified the occurrence of Burnout and some associated factors among nurses working in obstetrics & gynecology and pediatric care at a general tertiary hospital in Recife. Sixty-three nurses (98.4%) answered a self-administered questionnaire (sociodemographic aspects, working conditions, and Maslach Burnout Inventory). Chi-square was used in the analysis with a 95% confidence level. Most participants were female (92.1%), with up to five years in the career (68.2%), 52.5% in pediatric area. High levels of emotional stress (49.2%) and depersonalization (27.0%) were identified, as well as low professional fulfillment (4.8%), and 4.7% presented Burnout. The following factors wee associated: high levels of emotional stress and often/always perform tasks very quickly (p=0.039) and receiving a salary incompatible to the effort employed (p=0.016); high levels of depersonalization and with up to five years in this career (p=0.010) and often/always perform tasks very quickly (p=0.009). For 19.0%, at least two of the three dimensions pointed to high propensity to the syndrome.

Síndrome de Burnout entre enfermeiros de um hospital geral da cidade do Recife / Burnout Syndrome among General Hospital Nurses in Recife / Síndrome de burnout entre enfermeros de un hospital general de la ciudad de Recife

Este estudo descritivo, transversal, censitário, identificou Burnout e alguns fatores associados entre enfermeiros da assistência pediátrica e tocoginecológica de hospital geral do nível terciário de atenção do Recife (PE). Participaram 63 profissionais (98,4% do total) que responderam a um questionário auto-aplicável (aspectos sócio-demográficos, condições laborais e Maslach Burnout Inventory). Na análise utilizou-se qui-quadrado, com nível de confiança de 95%. Predominou o gênero feminino (92,1%), com até cinco anos de profissão (68,2%), sendo 52,5% da área pediátrica. Constataram-se altos níveis de exaustão emocional (49,2%) e despersonalização (27,0%) e baixo nível de realização profissional (4,8%), estando 4,7% com Burnout. Mostraram associação: alto nível de exaustão emocional e realizar frequentemente/sempre tarefas com muita rapidez (p=0,039) e receber salário incompatível com o esforço empregado (p=0,016); altos níveis de despersonalização e ter até cinco anos de profissão (p=0,010) e efetuar frequentemente/sempre tarefas com muita rapidez (p=0,009). Para 19,0% pelo menos duas das três dimensões apontavam alta propensão à síndrome.

This descriptive, cross sectional, census study identified the occurrence of Burnout and some associated factors among nurses working in obstetrics & gynecology and pediatric care at a general tertiary hospital in Recife. Sixty-three nurses (98.4%) answered a self-administered questionnaire (sociodemographic aspects, working conditions, and Maslach Burnout Inventory). Chi-square was used in the analysis with a 95% confidence level. Most participants were female (92.1%), with up to five years in the career (68.2%), 52.5% in pediatric area. High levels of emotional stress (49.2%) and depersonalization (27.0%) were identified, as well as low professional fulfillment (4.8%), and 4.7% presented Burnout. The following factors wee associated: high levels of emotional stress and often/always perform tasks very quickly (p=0.039) and receiving a salary incompatible to the effort employed (p=0.016); high levels of depersonalization and with up to five years in this career (p=0.010) and often/always perform tasks very quickly (p=0.009). For 19.0%, at least two of the three dimensions pointed to high propensity to the syndrome.

Estudio descriptivo, transversal, censitario, identificó Burnout y factores asociados entre enfermeros de atención pediátrica y tocoginecología de hospital general de nivel terciario de atención en Recife-PE. Participaron 63 profesionales (98,4% del total), que respondieron cuestionario autoaplicable (aspectos sociodemográficos, condiciones laborales y Maslach Burnout Inventary). Analizado según Qui-cuadrado, nivel de confianza 95%. Predominó sexo femenino (92,1%), con hasta cinco años de profesión (68,2%), perteneciendo 52,5% al área pediátrica. Se constataron altos niveles de agotamiento emocional (49,2%) y despersonalización (27,0%), y bajo nivel de realización profesional (4,8%), sufriendo 4,7% de Burnout. Mostraron asociación: altos niveles de agotamiento emocional, realizar frecuentemente/siempre tareas con mucha rapidez (p=0,039), recibir salario incompatible con esfuerzo (p=0,016); alto nivel de despersonalización y tener hasta cinco años de profesión (p=0,010) y efectuar frecuentemente/siempre tareas con mucha rapidez (p=0,009). Para 19,0% al menos dos de las tres dimensiones marcaban alta propensión al síndrome.

Acessibilidade organizacional de crianças com paralisia cerebral à reabilitação motora na cidade do Recife / Organizational access to motor rehabilitation for children with cerebral paralysis in the city of Recife

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar acessibilidade organizacional de crianças com paralisia cerebral aos serviços de reabilitação motora. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, censitário, efetuado de janeiro a junho/2009, em três serviços de reabilitação do Recife. Participaram 38 menores de cinco anos, portadores do agravo, residentes no Recife. Utilizou-se questionário para obter informações de acompanhantes e prontuários das crianças. As variáveis foram descritas segundo serviço atual, primeiro serviço utilizado e número de serviços utilizados. RESULTADOS: entre os acompanhantes, 94,7 por cento eram responsáveis pela criança (76,3 por cento mãe) e 68,4 por cento das crianças tinham entre 25-59 meses de idade. Metade usou mais de um serviço, ocorrendo utilização simultânea em 26,3 por cento. Para 28,2 por cento reabilitação iniciou-se mais de seis meses após diagnóstico. As crianças foram encaminhadas por médico (75,8 por cento) e 86,4 por cento tiveram um tempo máximo de espera para primeira consulta com fisioterapeuta de 30 dias. As responsáveis encontraram dificuldade para agendar primeira consulta (68,4 por cento). Uma maior dificuldade para continuar fisioterapia foi identificada entre aqueles que usaram de dois e mais serviços. CONCLUSÕES: constatou-se demanda reprimida. Utilização de mais de um serviço e superposição de serviços sugeriram insatisfação com atenção. Os processos políticos e organizacionais voltados à estruturação do sistema de referência/contrarreferência necessitam priorização.

OBJECTIVES: to characterize organizational access to motor rehabilitation services for children with cerebral paralysis. METHODS: a descriptive, retrospective, censusbased study, carried out between January and June 2009, at three rehabilitation services in Recife. The study covered 38 children aged less than five years, with the disorder, residing in Recife. A questionnaire was used to obtain information from the individual accompanying the child and the child's medical records. The variables were organized according to current service, first service used, and number of services used. RESULTS: of the people accompanying the children, 94.7 percent were one of the child's parents or legal guardian (76.3 percent mother) and 68.4 percent of the children were aged between 25 and 59 months. Half had attended more than one service, in 28.2 percent of cases simultaneously. For 28.2 percent rehabilitation was commenced more than six months after diagnosis. The children were mostly referred to the service by a doctor (75.8 percent) and 86.4 percent had a maximum waiting time of 30 days for the first consultation with a physiotherapist. The parents or legal guardians generally found it difficult to schedule the first consult (68.4 percent). Greater difficulty in continuing physiotherapy was found among those who used more than one service. CONCLUSIONS: there appears to be a hidden demand. Use of more than one service (at times simultaneously) suggests dissatisfaction with the level of care. Political and organizational processes relating to the referral/counter-referral system should be accorded high priority.

Aceitabilidade de doadores de sangue no hemocentro público do Recife, Brasil / Acceptance by blood donors of the public blood bank in Recife, Brazil

Este estudo avaliou a aceitabilidade de doadores em relação às etapas da doação de sangue (recepção, triagens de enfermagem e médica, e coleta) em hemocentro público do Recife, ressaltando o acolhimento. Obteve-se amostra de 527 doadores: em cada 19 pessoas que sequencialmente doaram sangue, a décima nona era convidada a responder um questionário. Na análise aplicou-se o qui-quadrado (Χ2). Ao redor de 81,4 por cento eram homens, 81,0 por cento doadores de repetição, 50,3 por cento insatisfeitos com o tempo gasto na doação e 36,4 por cento com dificuldade de chegar ao serviço. A forte aceitabilidade do acolhimento adveio, sobretudo, da comunicação e da forma de tratamento. Mostraram significância estatística: mulheres e doadores com maior escolaridade pediram mais esclarecimentos e homens tiveram percepção mais positiva das triagens. A sala de coleta foi o setor melhor avaliado. Contudo, foram feitas referências à impessoalidade, à persistência de dúvidas e à rapidez da entrevista médica. A atenção centrada no doador requer que a educação continuada também contemple a formação humanitária dos profissionais.

This study evaluated the acceptance of blood donors concerning the donation stages (attendance, medical and nursing selection and collection) at the Recife public blood bank with emphasis on the attendance. A sample of 527 donors was obtained: each 19th person sequentially was invited to answer a questionnaire. Chi-square (x2) was used in the analysis. Of those interviewed, 81.4 percent were men, 81 percent were repeat donors, 50.3 percent were dissatisfied regarding the time spent in donation and 36.4 percent had difficulties in reaching the service. The firm acceptance given to the attendance was due mainly to the communication and the quality of treatment. Of statistical significance were women donors of higher educational level who asked for more information and men who had a more positive perception towards the selection process. The best evaluation was attributed to the collection sector. However, mention was made of impersonal treatment, persistence of doubts and the cursory nature of the medical interview. Attention focused on the donor requires that ongoing education should concentrate on the humanitarian formation of the professionals involved.

[Acceptance by blood donors of the public blood bank in Recife, Brazil]. / Aceitabilidade de doadores de sangue no hemocentro público do Recife, Brasil.

This study evaluated the acceptance of blood donors concerning the donation stages (attendance, medical and nursing selection and collection) at the Recife public blood bank with emphasis on the attendance. A sample of 527 donors was obtained: each 19th person sequentially was invited to answer a questionnaire. Chi-square (x2) was used in the analysis. Of those interviewed, 81.4% were men, 81% were repeat donors, 50.3% were dissatisfied regarding the time spent in donation and 36.4% had difficulties in reaching the service. The firm acceptance given to the attendance was due mainly to the communication and the quality of treatment. Of statistical significance were women donors of higher educational level who asked for more information and men who had a more positive perception towards the selection process. The best evaluation was attributed to the collection sector. However, mention was made of impersonal treatment, persistence of doubts and the cursory nature of the medical interview. Attention focused on the donor requires that ongoing education should concentrate on the humanitarian formation of the professionals involved.

[Burnout among Family Healthcare physicians: the challenge of transformation in the workplace]. / Burnout entre médicos da Saúde da Família: os desafios da transformação do trabalho.

The scope of this paper is to understand how conflicts with the institution and disagreements regarding team members'attributions are interpreted by Family Healthcare physicians from the burnout perspective. Qualitative research was conducted with 24 doctors in Recife between August 2005 and November 2006 based on management evaluation (geographic access, conflicts within the team, between teams and the District, between the team and the community and public violence in the area), and four teams were selected in each of the six Health Districts. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted. An enormous discrepancy between the expectations of physicians and the reality of the workplace was detected. They reject the institutional consultation priority and demands for productivity. They suffer from what they consider loss of professional identity, with nurses attributions questioning the historic essence of their practice. There is discredit concerning change and a desire to abandon the profession, especially amongst those with the highest expectations concerning conversion of the model. A broad set of elements was detected that favor simultaneous exhaustion and professional inefficiency and provoke negative attitudes, stressing the need for promoting health in the workplace.

Burnout entre médicos da Saúde da Família: os desafios da transformação do trabalho / Burnout among Family Healthcare physicians: the challenge of transformation in the workplace

Compreender como os conflitos com a instituição e desacordos quanto às atribuições de membros da equipe, são apreendidos e reconstruídos pelos médicos da Saúde da Família, sob a perspectiva do "burnout". Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida no Recife, entre agosto de 2005 e novembro de 2006, com 24 médicos. Foram selecionadas quatro equipes a partir de avaliação da gerência (acesso geográfico, conflitos na equipe, entre equipe e Distrito, entre equipe e comunidade e violência pública na área), em cada um dos seis Distritos Sanitários. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: Os médicos revelam enorme discrepância entre expectativas e realidade do trabalho. Rejeitam a priorização institucional da consulta e cobrança de produtividade. Sofrem diante do que consideram à perda da identidade profissional: atribuições da enfermeira questionam o núcleo histórico da sua prática -o diagnóstico e o tratamento da doença. Sobretudo entre aqueles com maiores expectativas na conversão do modelo, existe descrédito quanto às mudanças e há o desejo de desistir. Observa-se amplo conjunto de elementos que favorecem o desenvolvimento simultâneo de esgotamento e ineficácia profissional, e que provocam atitudes negativas, reforçando a necessidade da promoção da saúde no trabalho.

The scope of this paper is to understand how conflicts with the institution and disagreements regarding team members'attributions are interpreted by Family Healthcare physicians from the burnout perspective. Qualitative research was conducted with 24 doctors in Recife between August 2005 and November 2006 based on management evaluation (geographic access, conflicts within the team, between teams and the District, between the team and the community and public violence in the area), and four teams were selected in each of the six Health Districts. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted. An enormous discrepancy between the expectations of physicians and the reality of the workplace was detected. They reject the institutional consultation priority and demands for productivity. They suffer from what they consider loss of professional identity, with nurses attributions questioning the historic essence of their practice. There is discredit concerning change and a desire to abandon the profession, especially amongst those with the highest expectations concerning conversion of the model. A broad set of elements was detected that favor simultaneous exhaustion and professional inefficiency and provoke negative attitudes, stressing the need for promoting health in the workplace.

Subjetividade e diálogo na educação em saúde: práticas de agentes comunitários em equipe de saúde da família / Dialogue and subjectivity in health education: community agents` practices in a family health team

Este artigo tem como proposta refletir sobre as concepções e as práticas de educação em saúde de agentes comunitários (ACS) em uma unidade da estratégia saúde da família (ESF) no município de João Pessoa, no que diz respeito ao diálogo e à (inter)subjetividade. A proposta da promoção da saúde e da ESF, em sua perspectiva transformadora, remete a práticas educativas dialógicas baseadas na construção compartilhada do conhecimento, no respeito ao saber popular e na construção de alternativas de transformação das condições de vida e saúde da população. Realizou-se pesquisa avaliativa, utilizando metodologia qualitativa, mediante entrevista semiestruturada e observação do trabalho de uma equipe de saúde da família, de novembro de 2008 a março de 2009. As concepções de educação e saúde presentes nas falas das ACS apontam para conceitos e práticas que combinam características do modelo tradicional com a construção de relações com os usuários em que se identifica abertura ao outro e aos seus contextos de vida. A valorização do vínculo e da confiança como elementos essenciais ao trabalho educativo permite supor, no que diz respeito às disposições subjetivas das ACS, uma abertura à realização de práticas dialógicas e participativas. O contexto institucional mostrou-se limitante a essas perspectivas, indicando a necessidade de mudanças na organização do trabalho e no modelo assistencial de modo a constituir uma maior permeabilidade às demandas da população e condições para a realização de ações educativas baseadas no diálogo livre de coerções e no reconhecimento do outro como interlocutor legítimo.

This paper proposes a reflection upon concepts and practices of health education of community health agents (CHA) in a primary care unit (PCU) in the city of João Pessoa, regarding dialogue and (inter)subjectivity. The proposed health promotion and family health strategy in its transforming perspective, refers to dialogical educational practices based on shared knowledge construction, the respectfulness of popular knowledge and the construction of processing alternatives in living conditions and population health. The assessment research used a qualitative methodology, through interviews and observation of the work of a family health team, and was carried out from November 2008 to March 2009. The conceptions of education and health present in the statements of the CHA point to concepts and practices that combine features of the traditional model of openness to inter-subjective dimensions and context of life, in which the interactions with users occur. The value of the bond and trust as essential to the educational work suggest, regarding the subjective dispositions of the CHA, an openness to the implementation of dialogic and participative practices. The institutional context appeared to be restrictive to these perspectives, indicating the need for changes in work organization and health care model, in order to provide greater permeability to the demands of the population and conditions for educational activities based on a dialogue free from coercion, and on the recognition of the other as a legitimate interlocutor.

Knowledge of common pediatric cancers among medical students in northeast Brazil / Conhecimento sobre tumores pediátricos comuns entre estudantes de medicina no nordeste do Brasil

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, early diagnosis of childhood cancer has taken an important place on the international agenda. The authors of this study evaluated a group of medical students in Recife, Brazil, regarding knowledge and practices related to early diagnosis of common childhood cancers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 82 medical students, from a total of 86 eligible subjects. Data were collected using self-completed questionnaires. Subgroups were defined according to knowledge of the theme and students' perceptions of their own skills and interest in learning. RESULTS: 74.4 percent of the sample demonstrated a minimum level of knowledge. The group without minimum knowledge or self-perceived competence to identify suspected cases (23.3 percent) was in the worst position to perform early diagnosis. All subjects expressed interest in learning more about this topic. CONCLUSIONS: Despite acceptable levels of knowledge among these medical students, the definition of central aspects of the teaching and learning processes would be useful for training physicians with the skills for diagnosing and treating pediatric cancers.

INTRODUÇÃO: Durante as últimas décadas, o diagnóstico precoce do câncer pediátrico tem tido importante destaque na agenda internacional. Neste estudo, os autores avaliaram estudantes oriundos de uma faculdade de medicina no Recife, Brasil, considerando conhecimento e práticas no reconhecimento precoce do câncer pediátrico. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal com uma amostra de 82 estudantes de um total de 86 elegíveis para o estudo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários auto-aplicáveis. Os subgrupos foram definidos de acordo com o conhecimento sobre o tema e a auto-percepção dos estudantes acerca de sua competência e interesse no aprendizado. RESULTADOS: 74,4 por cento apresentaram conhecimento mínimo. O grupo sem conhecimento mínimo e com competência percebida para identificar casos suspeitos (23,3 por cento) se encontrava na pior situação no sentido do diagnóstico precoce. Todos expressaram interesse em aprender mais sobre o tema. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar dos níveis aceitáveis de conhecimento entre os estudantes, a definição de aspectos centrais dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem seria extremamente útil para a formação de médicos com competência para diagnosticar e tratar o câncer pediátrico.

Aspectos da comunicação nas práticas avaliativas na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Aspects of communication in Family Health Strategy evaluation practice

Este artigo adota uma perspectiva hermenêutica e crítica para examinar a importância das condições de possibilidade e legitimidade de práticas comunicativas para a avaliação na Estratégia Saúde da Família. É o caráter participativo da avaliação que possibilita estabelecer redes sociais e técnicas de negociação, visando à coerência entre a autonomia do julgamento de cada um e a expectativa de obter acordos e pactos na construção de projetos comuns. O processo decisório compartilhado se apresenta como uma rede de relações sempre tensas, na qual, o êxito da negociação pode ser prejudicado pela assimetria de poder e os potenciais de ameaça injustamente distribuídos entre interlocutores, tornando indispensável o questionamento do que é dito e da própria situação de uso da linguagem. Para refletir sobre a linguagem como objeto construído, em um dado contexto, recorre-se a Gadamer, Habermas e Ricoeur. Espera-se reafirmar a importância da intersubjetividade como condição de possibilidade das decisões, contribuindo para o fortalecimento do potencial formativo da avaliação em saúde.

This article adopts a hermeneutical and critical approach, in order to examine the importance of the conditions making possible and legitimizing communications practices aiming to evaluate the Family Health Strategy. It is the participatory nature of the strategy that enables it to establish social networks and negotiation techniques aiming to achieve coherence between the autonomous judgment of each individual and the expectation of obtaining contracts and agreements for joint projects. The shared decision-making process is shown to be a network of relations that are always in tension, in which the success of negotiations may be hampered by asymmetrical power relations and unfair distribution of the power to make threats. This means that is indispensable that what is said and how language is used be called into question. In order to reflect on language as a construct in a given context, the article draws on the work of Gadamer, Habermas and Ricoeur. It aims to reaffirm the importance of intersubjectivity as a condition for decision-making, thereby helping to build up the training potential of evaluation in the area of health.

Superposição de atribuições e autonomia técnica entre enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família / Superposición de atribuciones y autonomía técnica entre enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia / Overlapping of duties and technical autonomy among nurses of the Family Health Strategy

OBJETIVO: Compreender como enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família vivem a superposição de atribuições e construção da autonomia técnica. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 22 enfermeiras em Recife, PE, entre agosto de 2005 e novembro de 2006. A partir de avaliação da gerência (acesso geográfico, conflitos na equipe, entre equipe e distrito, entre equipe e comunidade e violência pública na área), em cada um dos seis distritos sanitários foram selecionadas quatro equipes. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas...

OBJECTIVE: To understand how Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) nurses experience the overlapping of duties and building of technical autonomy. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: This was a qualitative study performed with 22 nurses, in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between August 2005 and November 2006. Based on management evaluation (geographic access; conflicts in the team, between team and district and between team and community; and public violence in the area), four teams were selected in each of the six health districts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted...

OBJETIVO: Comprender como enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia viven la sobreposición de atribuciones y construcción de la autonomía técnica. PROCEDIMIENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Investigación cualitativa realizada con 22 enfermeras en Recife, en noreste de Brasil, entre agosto de 2005 y noviembre de 2006. A partir de evaluación de la gerencia (acceso geográfico, conflictos en el equipo, entre equipo y distrito, entre equipo y comunidad y violencia pública en el área), en cada uno de los seis distritos sanitarios fueron seleccionados cuatro equipos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semi-estructuradas...

Overlapping of duties and technical autonomy among nurses of the Family Health Strategy.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) nurses experience the overlapping of duties and building of technical autonomy. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: This was a qualitative study performed with 22 nurses, in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between August 2005 and November 2006. Based on management evaluation (geographic access; conflicts in the team, between team and district and between team and community; and public violence in the area), four teams were selected in each of the six health districts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The main themes in the interview guide were about work expectations and relevance, its organization and process, and feelings towards these practices. The results were interpreted under the perspective of burnout. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: The nurses' opinion on the excessive number of families, insufficient organizational support and pressures from user demands that had not been met was recurrent. Overlapping of health care and management caused work overload, creating anxiety, impotence, frustration and the feeling of being treated unfairly when tasks were divided among team members. The clinical dimension of practice led to a feeling of insecurity of a technical and ethical nature, in addition to the satisfaction for the power and prestige achieved by the professional category. Specialized medical training represented an obstacle to autonomy and responsibility becoming interdependent. Stress, dissatisfaction, becoming physically and mentally ill, recognition of the relevance of work and importance of one's performance, and low work involvement were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the lack of expectation of changes in the short term, the overlapping of low professional satisfaction and work overload causes negative attitudes, indicating the importance of health promotion to increase the possibility of influencing and changing work conditions.