ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine whether during the year 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in children compared to the previous 2 years. It is also to find out if lockdowns and the difficulty providing face-to-face care in the health system have led to children showing more severe symptoms at the time of diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational multicenter study of the province of Tarragona where data is collected from new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients under the age of 15 during the year 2020 and compared with years 2018 and 2019. RESULTS: The number of new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes during 2020 was 37 cases compared to 2019 and 2018 which was 23 and 29 respectively. The median age at onset was 9 years, 54% males. There was an increase in new diagnoses in the range of 10 to14-year-olds, with a decrease in the range of 0-4 year-olds. In 2020, the incidence in the group of patients with families from the Maghreb area rose from 52.2 cases per 100,000 population/year (c/105 p-y) in 2019 to 135.8 in 2020. Compared to the previous year, 2020 showed a significant decrease of ketoacidosis at the onset. None of the patients was diagnosed with COVID-19 during admission. CONCLUSION: During the year 2020 concurring with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the number of new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatrics. Contrary to expectations, the presentation did not worsen by decreasing the proportions of ketoacidosis at onset. This data would suggest that, although attendance in the different health facilities dropped drastically during the year 2020 at the expense of virtual consultations, health systems and families were able to detect the symptoms of the disease early.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Ketosis , Male , Child , Humans , Adolescent , Female , Spain/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Pandemics , Communicable Disease Control , Ketosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine whether during the year 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in children compared to the previous 2 years. It is also to find out if lockdowns and the difficulty providing face-to-face care in the health system have led to children showing more severe symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Material and methods: Retrospective observational multicenter study of the province of Tarragona where data is collected from new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients under the age of 15 during the year 2020 and compared with years 2018 and 2019. Results: The number of new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes during 2020 was 37 cases compared to 2019 and 2018 which was 23 and 29 respectively. The median age at onset was 9 years, 54% males. There was an increase in new diagnoses in the range of 10 to14-year-olds, with a decrease in the range of 0 to 4 year-olds. In 2020, the incidence in the group of patients with families from the Maghreb area rose from 52.2 cases per 100,000 population/year (c/105 p-y) in 2019 to 135.8 in 2020. Compared to the previous year, 2020 showed a significant decrease of ketoacidosis at the onset. None of the patients was diagnosed with COVID-19 during admission. Conclusion: During the year 2020 concurring with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the number of new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatrics. Contrary to expectations, the presentation did not worsen by decreasing the proportions of ketoacidosis at onset. This data would suggest that, although attendance in the different health facilities dropped drastically during the year 2020 at the expense of virtual consultations, health systems and families were able to detect the symptoms of the disease early.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha postulado que la migración podría actuar como factor modificador de la incidencia de diabetes tipo 1 (DM1), por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existen diferencias en la incidencia de DM1 según el origen. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de los casos de debut diabético tipo 1 en menores de 19 años en las comarcas de Osona y Baix Camp entre los años 2000 y 2012, utilizando la historia clínica de las unidades de endocrinología y los datos demográficos del Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya. RESULTADOS: La población infantil en Osona y el Baix Camp aumentó un 36,6%, un 18,9% los autóctonos y un 482% los inmigrantes, a expensas mayoritariamente del colectivo magrebí (90%). Han acontecido 118 debuts diabéticos, 66,9% en nativos, 32,2% en magrebíes y 0,9% en niños de otros países, con una tasa de incidencia total de 14,4 casos/100.000 habitantes/año (c/105 h-a). La incidencia es mayor en magrebíes respecto a autóctonos, 37,1 vs. 11,2 c/105 h-a (p < 0,001), y en menores de 5 años respecto a los de 5 a 18 años, 18,9 vs. 12,5 (p < 0,05), sin observar diferencias entre sexos (p > 0,05). El riesgo relativo es 3,1 para magrebíes y 1,5 para menores de 5 años. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia total de DM1 se mantiene estable, pero es mayor en magrebíes que en nativos y en menores de 5 años respecto a los de 5-18 años. Estos resultados abren un campo de estudio sobre los factores de riesgo que podrían estar incidiendo sobre esta población en los países de destino
INTRODUCTION: It has been postulated that migration could act as a modifying factor in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), so the aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in the incidence of T1DM by origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of cases of T1DM onset in the population younger than 19 years old in Osona and Baix Camp between 2000 and 2012, using the medical histories of endocrinology units of the health centres and demographics from Catalonia Statistical Institute as sources. RESULTS: The child population in Osona and Baix Camp increased by 36.6%, with 18.9% in the local population, and 482% in the immigrant population, and most of this increase (90%) in the Maghreb immigrant group. A total of 118 diabetics onset were found, 66.9% in the local population, 32.2% Maghrebi population, and 0.9% in children from other countries, with a total incidence rate of 14.4 cases per 100,000 population/year (c/105p-y). The incidence is higher in the Maghrebi population compared to the local population, 37.1 vs 11.2 c/105p-y (P<.001), and in children under 5 years compared to the 5-18 years group, 18.9 vs 12.5 c/105p-y (P<.05), with no differences between sexes (P>.05). The relative risk is 3.1 for the Maghrebi population, and 1.5 for children under 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The total incidence of T1DM remains stable, but is higher in the Maghrebi than in the local population, and in children under 5 years compared to 5-18 years group. These results opens a study field of which risk factors could be affecting this immigrant population in their destination countries
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Glycated Hemoglobin/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Confidence IntervalsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: It has been postulated that migration could act as a modifying factor in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), so the aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in the incidence of T1DM by origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of cases of T1DM onset in the population younger than 19 years old in Osona and Baix Camp between 2000 and 2012, using the medical histories of endocrinology units of the health centres and demographics from Catalonia Statistical Institute as sources. RESULTS: The child population in Osona and Baix Camp increased by 36.6%, with 18.9% in the local population, and 482% in the immigrant population, and most of this increase (90%) in the Maghreb immigrant group. A total of 118 diabetics onset were found, 66.9% in the local population, 32.2% Maghrebi population, and 0.9% in children from other countries, with a total incidence rate of 14.4 cases per 100,000 population/year (c/105p-y). The incidence is higher in the Maghrebi population compared to the local population, 37.1 vs 11.2 c/105p-y (P<.001), and in children under 5 years compared to the 5-18 years group, 18.9 vs 12.5 c/105p-y (P<.05), with no differences between sexes (P>.05). The relative risk is 3.1 for the Maghrebi population, and 1.5 for children under 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The total incidence of T1DM remains stable, but is higher in the Maghrebi than in the local population, and in children under 5 years compared to 5-18 years group. These results opens a study field of which risk factors could be affecting this immigrant population in their destination countries.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Emigrants and Immigrants , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Metabolic surgery can modulate weight as well as food intake and basal energy expenditure. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of duodenal exclusion by analysing anthropometric results, intake variations, food behaviour and calorimetric parameters. METHODS: This is an experimental study with 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats. The sequences used are as follows: Cafeteria diet for 3 weeks, followed by surgery and sacrifice at 4 weeks. Four experimental groups are as follows: two non-obese groups (n = 15; surgery = 10, sham = 5) and two obese groups by cafeteria diet (n = 15; surgery = 10, sham = 5). Surgery performed was duodenal exclusion with physical barrier. Weight, intake, glycaemia and basal energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry were monitored before and after surgery. RESULTS: Weight changes in groups that underwent intervention were significant. The reduction in calorie consumption after surgery was significant in the obese intervention group despite an increased standard feed consumption (161 ± 11 vs 139 ± 13 Kcal/day, p < 0.05; due to a lower consumption of cafeteria diet). In non-obese animals, changes were transient. Basal energy expenditure decreased in both intervention groups: 6.2 ± 0.5 vs 5.5 ± 0.4 Kcal/kg/h in non-obese animals and 5.6 ± 0.3 vs 4.7 ± 0.3 Kcal/kg/h in obese animals (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Duodeno-jejunal tube placement stops weight gain in obese and non-obese animals. In obese animals, there is an important qualitative change in appetite towards standard feed with a significant decrease in caloric intake. In non-obese animals, changes in quantitative intake are transient. This surgery decreases basal energy expenditure in obese animals. This may be attributed to an enhanced thermogenic effect of food and a slowing in the animal's weight gain.
Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery/methods , Duodenum/surgery , Energy Metabolism , Feeding Behavior , Jejunum/surgery , Obesity/surgery , Animals , Body Weight , Calorimetry, Indirect , Disease Models, Animal , Duodenum/pathology , Energy Intake , Jejunum/pathology , Male , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Weight Gain/physiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: La obesidad en edades pediátricas representa un grave problema de salud pública, siendo una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad prematura evitable. En la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad juegan un papel importante factores como la actividad física. Dicha actividad física puede estar limitada por la propia condición física, el nivel de motivación o autoestima y por otros factores a nivel familiar. El presente trabajo pretende analizar si existen diferencias entre niños con normopeso y obesos respecto a dichos factores. Material y método: Se estudiaron a 146 adolescentes entre 9 y 14 años (110 obesos y 36 con normopeso). Se analizaron los antecedentes familiares (antropometría y nivel socioeconómico de los padres) y personales, el nivel de autoestima y antropometría de los niños (peso, talla, perímetros y pliegues cutáneos), el nivel de actividad física realizada (test PAQ-A) y la condición física (Test de banco de Astrand). Se compararon los resultados de ambos grupos. Resultados: Los niños obesos son más sedentarios y dedican 62, 6 minutos/semana a actividades deportivas, mientras el grupo con normopeso dedica un 50% más de tiempo a dichas actividades (94,5 minutos/semana). Los adolescentes obesos tienen una peor condición física y menor adaptación cardiovascular al esfuerzo así como una peor opinión sobre si mismos a nivel físico pero también como personas. El IMC y peso de los progenitores es signifi cativamente superior en el grupo de obesos y su nivel socioeconómico y educativo es menor en los padres de dicho grupo. Conclusiones: La menor actividad física de los adolescentes obesos hace prioritaria su promoción en este grupo. Dicha promoción debería estructurarse en programas que tengan en cuenta los aspectos diferenciales de estos adolescentes, que tienen una peor condición física, una menor autoestima y pertenecen a familias con niveles socioeconómicos y formativos más bajos, y unos patrones familiares de obesidad característicos
Introduction: The obesity in paediatric ages represents a serious public health problem, being one of the main causes of avoidable premature morbidity. In preventing of overweight, things like practice of physical activity, the physical fi tness, the motivation, the esteem and the family history, play an important role. This paper pretends to analyze if there are diff erences between kids with normal weight and obese children in those listed things. Material and method: 146 teenagers were studied, between 9 and 14 years old. 110 were obese and 36 were normal weight. The family history was analyzed (anthropometry and parents socioeconomic status), the esteem status and the kids anthropometry (weight, height, perimeters and skinfold) the kids, the physical activity made (PAQ-A test), the physical fi tness (Astrand step test). The results from all the groups were compared. Results: The obese children are more sedentary and they spend 62.6 minutes/week for sport activities, while normal weight ones spend fi fty per cent more to do these activities (94.5 minutes/week). The obese children have a worse physical fitness and also a worse cardiovascular adaptation to physical stress, aboveall, they have a worse opinion about themselves, as well as physical conditions like a persons. The progenitor IMC and weight is over in the overweight kids and the socioeconomic and educational status is lower in obese group. Conclusion: The lower practice of physical activities in the obese group, makes prioritary to promote these group. These promotions should be structured as intervention programs which take care of the diff erences of the obese kids. who present worse esteem, worse physical condition, have a lower socioeconomic and educational level families and have a obesity familiy patterns
