Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Global Health , Health Education , Humans , Primary Health Care/economicsSubject(s)
Medicine, Ayurvedic , Primary Health Care , Community Health Workers , Humans , India , Male , PakistanSubject(s)
Education, Medical , Health Services Needs and Demand , Health Services Research , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Developing Countries , Education, Medical/economics , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care , Sri Lanka , WorkforceABSTRACT
Training depends for its success upon initial selection of both students and teacher, and secondly on the curriculum content relevance to realistic job designations, consequent upon community appraisal, epidemiological surveys, manpower studies and facilities analysis. Examination systems should not be an encumbrance to real learning and the acquisition of appropriate skills. Management in primary health care depends for its improvement upon accepting that the delivery system is supportive to the primary health care unit rather than the reverse; that the structure of the delivery system and educationa; programmes correlate and form a simple referral chain and that data gathering be designed for a community information system rather than for cantralized statistics. The two aspects, manpower development and delivery system, can be made more relevant one to the other by reconsidering the overall roles of the teacher and the practitioner. Supervision is a key issue and is primarily an educational activity, not administrative. Teamwork, to be effective, must be learned and instilled from inception of training.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Community Health Workers/education , Community Participation , Developing Countries , Goals , Health Education , Humans , Information Services/organization & administration , Rural HealthSubject(s)
Developing Countries , Epidemiology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Epidemiologic Methods , Humans , Social ChangeSubject(s)
Developing Countries , Family Planning Services , Abortion, Therapeutic , Contraceptive Agents , Contraceptive Devices , Costs and Cost Analysis , Delivery of Health Care , Female , Health Facility Planning , Health Workforce , Humans , Infant , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Legislation as Topic , Male , Population Control , Pregnancy , Records , Sterilization, ReproductiveSubject(s)
Developing Countries , Health Workforce/supply & distribution , Primary Health Care , Adult , Age Factors , Ambulatory Care , Birth Rate , Child , Child Health Services , Delivery of Health Care , Economics, Medical , Female , Health Facilities , Health Planning , Humans , Life Expectancy , Male , Maternal Health Services , Morbidity , Mortality , Population Dynamics , Pregnancy , Quality of Health Care , Rural Population , Urban PopulationSubject(s)
Family Planning Services , Abortion, Induced , Adolescent , Adult , Attitude to Health , Contraception/statistics & numerical data , Contraceptives, Oral , Demography , Family Planning Services/supply & distribution , Female , Financing, Government , Health Education , Health Occupations/education , Humans , Intrauterine Devices/statistics & numerical data , Iran , Male , Medical Records , Postnatal Care , Pregnancy , Public Health Administration , School Health Services , Socioeconomic Factors , Turkey , WorkforceSubject(s)
Social Medicine , Community Health Services , Population Control , Public Health , United StatesABSTRACT
PIP: The history and present status of family planning services in Kenya are reviewed. 12 references are cited. Kenya was the first African country south of the Sahara to adopt family planning as a national policy. Voluntary and government efforts and their interaction are detailed. There is a growing rate of acceptance of modern contraception in this nation which is 93% rural and newly independent. The following steps should be implemented to develop an effective family planning program resulting from a national policy decision: (1) demographic data for analysis and prediction should be gathered by an analytical unit; (2) government must firmly adopt a policy to be carried out by the civil service; (3) for orientation to policy and technological training, courses for teaching and reteaching should be instituted; (4) an organization and management system which is secure financially with assured personnel should be started; (5) a feedback of data to the analytical unit for purposes of policy, training, and program modification should occur.^ieng
Subject(s)
Family Planning Services , Attitude to Health , Communication , Culture , Demography , Financing, Government , Kenya , Legislation as Topic , Mobile Health Units , Population , Public Health Administration , Records , Research , Rural Population , Voluntary Health AgenciesABSTRACT
PIP: Family planning clinics employ administrative, supervisory, and teaching personnel in addition to physicians, nurses, and midwives. In developing countries where medical personnel are scarce, paramedical personnel can take over many of the duties of family planning clinics. The less medically trained personnel can do jobs they are qualified to do and refer other patients to doctors. They should be well-trained so they can handle both physician assistance and physician substitution. All aspects of family planning training are discussed. Emphasis should be on the human element; all personnel should be able to give general family counseling. A clinic which also handles other medical problems will be more effective. Mobile units extend the outreach of the clinic. Follow-up work is necessary.^ieng
