ABSTRACT
Protein corona (PC) adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles brings new research perspectives on the interaction between nanoparticles and fermentative microorganisms. Herein, the proteolysis of wheat PC adsorbed on a nano-Se surface using cell-free protease extract from S. cerevisiae was conducted. The proteolysis caused monotonic changes of ζ-potentials and surface hydrophobicity of PC. Notably, the innermost PC layer was difficult to be proteolyzed. Furthermore, when S. cerevisiae was stimulated by ultrasound + 0.1 mg/mL nano-Se@PC, the proportion of lethal and sublethal injured cells increased as a function of the proteolysis time of PC. The transcriptomics analysis revealed that 34 differentially expressed genes which varied monotonically were related to the plasma membrane, fatty acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, etc. Significant declines in the membrane potential and proton motive force disruption of membrane were found with the prolonged proteolysis time; meanwhile, higher membrane permeability, membrane oxidative stress levels, membrane lipid fluidity, and micro-viscosity were triggered.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of icon infiltration resin on masking post-orthodontic white spots. METHODS: Eight post-orthodontic patients with 6 maxillary anterior teeth showing signs of decalcification (total 48 teeth) were enrolled in this study. All teeth were treated with icon resin infiltration according to manufacturer's recommendation. Standardized digital photographs were taken before, immediately after and 1 week, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Before taking pictures the assigned teeth were cleaned using pumice and rubber polishing cups. The results were classified into three groups: completely masked, partially masked, and unchanged. Pictures of partially masked teeth were analyzed using image analysis software (Image-pro plus 6.0), size of the white spot lesion (W) and the whole tooth facial surface (T) were measured, then W/T ratio (in %) was calculated. The images were imported into image analysis software (Photoshop) which presented the images into histograms of gray scale from (0 to 255). RESULTS: Among the 48 teeth, 11 teeth (22.9%, 11/48) were classified as completely masked, whereas 37 teeth (77.1 %, 37/48) were classified as partially masked and no tooth unchanged. For partially masked teeth, W/T ratio decreased significantly after treatment from 31.37% to 7.99% (by Wilcoxon's signed rank test, P<0.05). The means at gray scale for the initial and 1 week photographs after treatment were 188.07± 5.62 and 143.20± 7.03 respectively, and there was significant difference by Wilcoxon,s signed rank test (P<0.05). The data of 6 and 12 months after treatment were 136.33± 4.54 and 139.57± 3.70 respectively, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in comparison to 1 week after treatment. CONCLUSION: Resin infiltration was proven to be an effective treatment for masking white spot lesions. The surface color of infiltrated lesions remained stable after 12 months.
