ABSTRACT
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus associated with respiratory tract diseases and gastrointestinal illness in adult and pediatric patients throughout the world. To investigate the epidemiological and genetic variation of HBoV in Guangzhou, South China, we screened 3460 throat swab samples from 1686 children and 1774 adults with acute respiratory infection symptoms for HBoV between March 2010 and February 2011, and analyzed the complete genome sequence of 2 HBoV strains. Specimens were screened for HBoV by real-time PCR and other 6 common respiratory viruses by RT-PCR or PCR. HBoV was detected in 58 (1.68%) out of 3460 samples, mostly from pediatric patients (52/58) and inpatient children (47/58). Six adult patients were detected as HBoV positive and 5 were emergency cases. Of these HBoV positive cases, 19 (32.76%) had co-pathogens including influenza virus (n = 5), RSV (n = 5), parainfluenza (n = 4), adenovirus (n = 1), coronavirus (n = 7). The complete genome sequences of 2 HBoVs strains (Genbank no. JN794565 and JN794566) were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 2 HBoV strains were HBoV1, and were most genetically close to ST2 (GenBank accession number DQ0000496). Recombination analysis confirmed that HBoV strain GZ9081 was an intra-genotype recombinant strain among HBoV1 variants.
Subject(s)
Human bocavirus/genetics , Human bocavirus/metabolism , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , China , DNA Primers/genetics , Epidemiological Monitoring , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Sequence Analysis, RNA/methodsABSTRACT
PSM-E is a newly discovered alternatively spliced variant of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). In the current study, its role on the proliferation, invasiveness and migration in prostate cancer cell lines was analyzed. PSM-E and PSMA (as a comparison) eukaryotic expression vectors pcDNA3.0/PSM-E and pcDNA3.0/PSMA were constructed, validated by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and PSMA/PSM-E overexpression PC-3 cell models were built. Gene interference was used to block PSMA and the expression of its splice variants in LNCap cells. Three shRNA fragments were synthesized against PSMA, cloned into the vector pSilencer 2.1-U6-neo, their interference effect was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and pSilencer 2.1-U6-neoshRNA3 (named pshRNA3) was chosen in further analyses. Growth curves were drawn to observe the proliferation change, which showed that PSM-E had the potential to suppress proliferation (P<0.05), but no significant change was observed in PSMA/PC-3 cells and in PSMA/PSM-E interfering LNCap cells (P>0.05). Cross-river test showed that the migration speeds of PSM-E/PC-3 and PSMA/PC-3 were both significantly slower than the vector negative control, and faster in p-shRNA3 interfering LNCap cells compared with its vector negative control (P<0.05), and no significant difference existed between PSM-E/PC-3 and PSMA/PC-3 (P>0.05). Transwell assay showed that the invasive cells of both PSMA/PC-3 and PSM-E/PC-3 were fewer compared to the vector negative control (P<0.05), and the invasive suppression effect of PSM-E was weaker than PSMA (P<0.05), and accordingly, invasiveness of interfering LNCaP cells was enhanced compared with the vector negative control (P<0.05). These results showed that PSM-E could suppress proliferation, migration and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. Its suppression effect on cell proliferation is stronger compared to PSMA and the suppression effect on invasiveness is weaker than that of PSMA.
