Retinal nerve fiber layer characteristics in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a retrospective case series.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thicknesses, included ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). METHODS: This was a retrospective, nonrandom, observational case series study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and systemic examinations were performed. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography scanning was used to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular volume. RESULTS: In total, 108 eyes in 54 patients with SIH were evaluated; these were compared with 108 eyes in 54 healthy controls. The mean ages were 38.2 ± 9.4 years (patients with SIH) and 38.9 ± 9.4 years (healthy controls). In both groups, 33 patients were women (61.1%). The peripapillary RNFL and GCIPL were thinner in patients with SIH than in healthy controls (100.08 ± 9.94 µm vs 104.83 ± 8.35 µm and 81.46 ± 5.67 µm vs 85.67 ± 4.57 µm, respectively). Among patients with SIH, the GCIPL was thinner in patients with visual field defects (79.81 ± 5.62 µm vs 82.39 ± 5.12 µm). CONCLUSIONS: The RNFL and GCIPL were thinner in patients with SIH than in healthy controls. The GCIPL was thinner in eyes with visual field defects among patients with SIH.

[Preretinal hemorrhage and prognosis following vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prognosis of preretinal hemorrhage following vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Clinical data of 76 cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with vitrectomy and silicone oil infusion tamponade in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital from October 2006 to September 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative bleeding,postoperative preretinal bleeding,blood reabsorption time, and preretinal fibrosis were assessed. RESULTS: All preretinal hemorrhage developed within 1 week after surgery, blood was distributed in thin and scattered patterns (32 cases), thick and localized patterns (25 cases) or thick and scattered patterns (19 cases). The preretinal hemorrhage was ceased in 1 day after operation in 35 cases, in 2 days after operation in 18 cases, in two weeks after operation in 23 case. Recurrent hemorrhage occurred within 1 week after operation in 15 cases. Thin blood was largely reabsorbed in about two weeks, and thick blood was largely reabsorbed in about five weeks. Fibrosis tissue was resulted in 15 cases(34.1%) with thick blood. CONCLUSION: Most of preretinal hemorrhage occurs within 1 week after surgery and is reabsorpted with 5 weeks in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade. The major complication of preretinal bleeding is the formation of preretinal fibrosis.

Risk factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study. A total of 103 consecutive patients (103 eyes) with primary RRD were studied to evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic RRD. RESULTS: Chi-square test was used to sift out the following associated factors with chronic RRD: younger patients (P=0.0028), better preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, P=0.0316), atrophic retinal break (P<0.0001), inferior retinal break (P<0.0001), smaller break (P=0.0005); then the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD was determined by stepwise logistic regression analysis as following: atrophic retinal break (odds ratio (OR)=7.997, P=0.007), inferior retinal break (OR=14.127, P<0.0001) and better preoperative BCVA (OR=1.636 P<0.0722) . CONCLUSION: Atrophic retinal break, inferior retinal break and better preoperative BCVA are the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD.

Comparative analysis of headspace volatiles of Chinese Rosa rugosa.

The floral headspace compounds of Chinese Rosa rugosa germplasms that were isolated by an automated headspace sampler with built-in trap, and followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification and quantification. Up to 33 volatile compounds were identified from the 23 rose germplasms, including nine alcohols, five esters, three alkanes, 10 terpenes, three aldehydes, two ketones, and one ether. The main floral components identified were 2-phenylethanol, ß-citronellol, ethanol, and n-hexane. 'xizi', 'miaofengshan', 'xiangciguo', and 'tangbai' contained the highest amounts of 2-phenylethanol at 84.66 µg·g⁻¹, ß-citronellol at 70.98 µg·g⁻¹, ethanol at 83.87 µg·g⁻¹, and n-hexane at 18.23 µg·g⁻¹, respectively. 'Rongchengyesheng', 'tanghong', 'xizi', 'miaofengshan', and 'baizizhi' could be considered good materials for extracting rose oil and breeding new cultivars.

[Effects of exogenous NO3- on cherry root function and enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism under hypoxia stress].

A water culture experiment with controlled dissolved oxygen concentration was conducted to explore the effects of exogenous NO3- on the root function and enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism of cherry (Prunun cerasus x P. canescens) seedlings under hypoxia stress. Comparing with the control (7.5 mmol NO3- x L(-1)), treatments 15 and 22.5 mmol NO3- x L(-1) made the materials for plant metabolism abundant, ensured the synthesis of enzyme proteins, increased root activity, maintained root respiration, improved the activities of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism, such as nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthethase (GS), and glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) in roots, and thereby, supplied enough energy for root respiration and NAD+ to glycolytic pathway, ensured electron transfer, and avoid ammonium toxicity under hypoxia stress. As a result, the injury of hypoxia stress to cherry plant was alleviated. Applying NO3- at the concentration of 22.5 mmol x L(-1) was more advisable. However, NO3- deficiency (0 mmol x L(-1)) showed opposite results. The above results suggested that applying exogenous NO3- to growth medium could regulate cherry root function and nitrogen metabolism, and antagonize the damage of hypoxia stress on cherry roots.