ABSTRACT
@#Glyphosate is a nonselective herbicide commonly used in agriculture worldwide. Glyphosate targets the shikimate metabolic pathway, which is found in plants but not in animals. Therefore, it is considered to be of low toxicity to humans, supported by the finding of high concentrations of oral and dermal LD50 (>5,000 mg/kg body weight) of glyphosate in experimental animals.[1,2] Ingesting commercial formulations of glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GlySH), however, has been reported to be associated with various toxic effects, including gastrointestinal injury, laryngeal injury, impaired renal function, metabolic acidosis, arrhythmias, pulmonary toxicity, shock, and even death.[3] Recently, glyphosate surfactant has been used with increasing frequency in suicide attempts, and clinical toxicologists have encountered fatal cases of glyphosate surfactant poisoning.[4] Mortality from ingesting glyphosate surfactant varies from 0% to 29.3%, depending on patients’ characteristics such as age and intent of exposure. [5–7] Acute fi brinous laryngotracheobronchitis is often seen in infants and children, but it is rare in adults. Here we present a case with acute obstructive fibrinous laryngotracheobronchitis induced by severe glyphosatesurfactant intoxication.
ABSTRACT
The topological transport of Lamb wave in phononic crystal slabs provides a great potential in reinforcing nondestructive testing, high sensitivity sensing, and information processing. In this paper, the authors investigate the pseudospins edge states of fundamental antisymmetric Lamb waves in a snowflakelike phononic slab. Significantly, the fourfold Dirac degeneracy for antisymmetric Lamb mode is accidentally formed at the Γ point with the critical angle of the snowflakelike holes, which does not require the folding of the lattices. Meanwhile, based on the rotating-scatterer mechanism, the mirror symmetry is broken and the topological multipole phase transitions are well induced during the gradual change of the scattering strength among the scatterers with the rotation angle. The topologically protected edge states and its unidirectional robust propagation are further demonstrated. The proposed topological phononic slabs will be a more hopeful option to apply in engineering practices.
ABSTRACT
The remarkable properties of topological insulators have inspired numerous studies on topological transport for bulk waves, but the demonstrations of topological edge states with tunable frequency are few attempts. Here, we report on the active frequency tunability of topologically protected edge states for in-plane bulk waves by applying a thermal field. We find that the center frequency of topological band gap is shifted down and the band width is enlarged as the temperature increases. Meanwhile, the frequency range of topologically protected edge states is also shifted to low frequency region with the higher temperature. Furthermore, the robust propagation of in-plane bulk waves along a desired path is demonstrated within different frequency bands. The tunable frequency for both topological band gaps and topologically protected edge states achieves the active control of the transport for in-plane bulk waves, which may dramatically facilitate practical applications of novel phononic devices.
ABSTRACT
Mutations in the TARDBP gene, which encodes the Tar DNA binding protein, have been shown to causes of both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) and sporadic ALS (SALS). Recently, several novel TARDBP exon 6 mutants have been reported in patients with ALS in Europe and America but not in Asia. To further examine the spectrum and frequency of TARDBP exon 6 mutations, we investigated their frequency in ethnic Chinese patients with sporadic ALS. TARDBP exon 6 was screened by direct sequencing in 207 non-SOD1 SALS patients and 230 unrelated healthy controls but no mutations were identified. Our data indicate that exon 6 mutations in TARDBP are not a common cause of SALS in Han Chinese population from Southern Mainland China.
