Extraction, characterization, antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides from Bupleurum chinense based on different molecular weights.

Bupleurum chinense polysaccharide has a wide range of biological activities. In this study, Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides (BPs), BPs-1 (30 kDa) and BPs-2 (2000 kDa) with different molecular weights were isolated and prepared by ultrafiltration interception method. The structures of BPs, BPs-1 and BPs-2 were characterised by monosaccharide composition, GC-MS, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the monosaccharide composition of BPs with different molecular weights was the same, but the proportion was different. BPs, BPs-1 and BPs-2 were mainly connected by Glup-(1→,→2,4)-Araf-(1→,→6)-Glup-(1→). The anti-inflammatory activity screening experiment in vitro showed that BPs-1 had stronger anti-inflammatory effect. Antioxidant experiments showed that BPs-2 had high free radical scavenging activity. This study laid a foundation for elucidating the fine structure and structure-activity relationship of Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides and will promote the product development of Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides.

Geographically associated endophytic fungi contribute to the tropane alkaloids accumulation of Anisodus tanguticus.

Anisodus tanguticus is a valuable plant for extracting tropane alkaloids. However, the mechanisms by which plant microbiome mediate the accumulation of tropane alkaloids in Anisodus tanguticus are still not well understood. In this study, we collected 55 wild Anisodus tanguticus populations on the Tibetan Plateau and the tropane alkaloids content, and root-related bacteria and fungi diversity were analyzed using HPLC and 16 s rDNA and ITS sequencing. The results showed that tropane alkaloids content has obvious geographical distribution characteristics. Anisodine content had a significant positive correlation with latitude, while anisodamine and atropine content had a significant negative correlation with latitude. Variation partition analysis (VPA) showed that root endophytes play a significant role in promoting tropane alkaloid production in Anisodus tanguticus roots. The root endophytes alone explained 14% of the variation, which was the largest contributor. Soil properties variables could independently explain 5% of the variation, and climate variables could explain 1% of the variation. Of these, endophytic fungi alone accounted for 11%, while bacteria explained only 5%. Random forests and Mantel test showed that different regionally enriched endophytic fungi have a greater impact on the accumulation of tropane alkaloids than the whole endophytic fungi. Richness and relative abundance of enriched endophytic fungi in Hengduan-Qilian Mountains (HQ) group has a significant positive correlation with anisodine content, while richness and relative abundance of enriched endophytic fungi in Himalayas-Hengduan Mountains (HH) group has a significant positive correlation with anisodamine and atropine content. And, these enriched endophytic fungi have high network connectivity and distributed in separate network modules. This study further confirmed that endophytes were closely related to tropane alkaloids accumulation in Anisodus tanguticus and contribute to promote sustainable development, cultivation, and precision medicine of Anisodus tanguticus.

[Study on the Preparation of Zinc Dibenzyl Dithiocarbamate and Its Spectral Analysis].

In the study, Zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate (ZBDC) was synthesized with one-step method. ZBDC was detected and characterized with FTIR，UV-Vis，XRD，TG-DSC. Its micro-structure and intrinsic regularity were revealed. Chemical bond types into ZBDC molecule were revealed with FTIR. The final product was determined as ZBDC. Two absorption peaks were detected with UV-Vis at 209.8，266.1 nm respectively, due to n→σ*, π→π* electronic transitions. It could provide experimental basis for enterprise to test ZBDC product quality and speculate its structure. ZBDC phase composition and structure were revealed through crystallographic data from XRD detecting such as cell parameters, crystal face index. The phase composition and qualitative identification of ZBDC structure were completed. Two kinds of information were detected with TG-DSC as quality change and thermal effect. There were three absorption peaks of 194.5，361.1，433.5 ℃, due to transition peak and decomposition phase of ZBDC respectively. The decomposition temperature of ZBDC was very high. It could provided reference for research on rubber vulcanizing properties with ZBDC on rubber vulcanizing machine.

[Preparation of Zinc Dibenzyl Dithiocarbamate and Its Spectral Analysis].

In the study, zinc methyl mercaptobenzimidazole (MMBZ) was synthesized by one-step method. MMBZ was detecued and characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, TG-DSC. Its micro-structure and intrinsic regularity were revealed. Chemical bond types into MMBZ molecule were revealed by FTIR. The final product was determined MMBZ. There absorption peaks were detected by UV-Vis at 219.6，245.5，302.2 nm respectively, due to n→σ(*)，π→π(*)，π→π(*) electronic transitions, led by S­C, benzene and five element heterocyclic in MMBZ molecule. It could provide experimental basis with enterprise to test MMBZ product quality and speculate its structure. It was shown that MMB was a ligand of MMBZ, and its basic structure of MMB was retained still by XRD spectra. The structure of MMBZ molecule was amorphous. Two kinds of information were detected with TG-DSC as quality change and thermal effect. There were five absorption peaks of 67.5, 155.3, 253.7, 324.8, 391.3 ℃, due to impurity solvent decomposition peak, phase transition peak and decomposition of MMBZ respectively. The scheme of one step preparation of composite environment-friendly rubber antioxidant MMBZ was feasible. The structure of MMBZ could be speculated by results of its detecting. It could provide the basis of experimental data on association MMBZ performance, exploring its anti-aging mechanism and extending the scope of MMBZ application.

[Preparation of δ-Valerolactone and Its Spectral Analysis].

In the study, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 was prepared by sol-gel method. Its catalytic activity was evaluated by gas-phase catalytic dehydrogenation of 1, 5-Pentanediol to δ-valerolactone as a probe reaction. CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 and long period reactive CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 were detected by XRD. Micro-structure and essence disciplinarian of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 were disclosed. Metal ions had a cooperative effects during the catalytic dehydrogenation of 1, 5-pentanediol to δ-valerolactone. After CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 deactivation, crystal particle size was increased clearly. It were found that characteristic diffraction peaks were caused by the catalyst temperature raising in methanol catalytic synthesis of ZnO. 1, 5-Pentanediol and δ-valerolactone were detected by FTIR. Their internal chemical bond and molecular structure were disclosed. The purity of δ-valerolactone product was very high. δ-Valerolactone and its polymer were detected by DSC. δ-Valerolactone possessed with poor stability. Polymerization reaction was easily happened by itself. So it was worth focusing on how to improve the stability of the δ-valerolactone monomer. This study could provide basic data and experimental basis for gas-phase catalytic dehydrogenation of 1, 5-Pentanediol to δ-valerolactone in pilot and industrial scale up research.

[Preparation of premonitory Li(x)MoS2 and its spectral analysis].

Under the effect of ultrasonic waves, premonitory Li(x)MoS2 was prepared by n-butyl lithium intercalating in the MoS2 layers, using the single-molecular-layer exfoliated-restacked technology. The value of x was in the range from 0.93 to 0.96 determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Micro-structure and essential regularity of Li(x)MoS2 were disclosed, for example octahedral configuration of Li(x)MoS2 was metastable. It could provide experimental data for synthesizing new hydrogenation catalysts for interaction of MoS2 with high activity and selectivity. This work will lay the foundation for the research on hydrogenation catalysts and the production of high value-added MoS2.

[Purification of sulfolene and its UV-Vis and FTIR spectral analysis].

Purification of raw sulfolene was investigated by adsorption method using activated carbon and exchange resin, and the sulfolene was detected by UV-Vis, FTIR and XRD. FTIR spectra of sulfolene and sulfolane were especially analyzed. The results showed that it was the best way to purify industrial grade sulfolene by activated carbon connected exchange resin. The sulfolane with high quality was synthesized by purified sulfolene through catalytic hydrogenation with catalyst. The conversion efficiency was more than 99.8%. It could provide experimental data for the technical reform of industry equipment.

[Preparation of Mo-Fe catalysts by sol-gel method and its XRD, FTIR spectral analysis].

The effect of catalyst atomic ratio on the performance of selective oxidation of p-xylene as a probe reaction over Mo-Fe catalysts prepared by sol-gel method was investigated. The catalyst evaluation results show that the optimum catalyst atomic ratio is n(Mo) : n(Fe) : n(Co) = 2.4 : 1 : 0.02 with a high catalytic activity. The composition of the catalyst is Fe2 (MoO4)3 and a little MoO3 having a cooperative effects during the oxidation of p-xylene, which was detected by XRD and FTIR. This study could provide experimental data for the technical reform of industry equipment.