Subject(s)
Mycotoxins/isolation & purification , Penicillium/analysis , Animals , Chickens , Lethal Dose 50 , PanicumSubject(s)
Aspergillus , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Mycotoxins/toxicity , Animals , Aspergillus/metabolism , Female , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Male , Mice , Ochratoxins/biosynthesis , Ochratoxins/toxicity , Penicillic Acid/biosynthesis , Penicillic Acid/toxicityABSTRACT
Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin were detected in ears of Iowa corn on plants before harvest in 1975. Presence of the fungus was associated with kernel injury caused by the second generation European corn borer. Amounts of aflatoxin B1 in corn from a limited number of selected ears ranged from 1 part per billion to 1560 parts per billion with a mean of 430 parts per billion.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxins/analysis , Aspergillus flavus/growth & development , Food Contamination , Food Microbiology , Zea mays , IowaABSTRACT
The fluorescence method of detecting aflatoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus flavus and related species utilizes the ultraviolet-induced fluorescence of aflatoxin produced in a modified Czapek's solution agar containing corn steep liquor, HgCl(2), and (NH(4))H(2)PO(4) instead of NaNO(3). The presence of aflatoxin is confirmed by thin-layer chromatography of CHCl(3) extracts of the fluorescing agar.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxins/biosynthesis , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , Aflatoxins/analysis , Aflatoxins/isolation & purification , Aspergillus/metabolism , Aspergillus flavus/isolation & purification , Aspergillus flavus/metabolism , Culture Media , Fluorescence , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Microscopy, Ultraviolet , Temperature , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Mycophenolic Acid/biosynthesis , Penicillium/metabolism , Plant Viruses/growth & development , Cell-Free System , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Electrophoresis , Penicillium/growth & development , Plant Viruses/metabolism , RNA, Viral/biosynthesis , Time Factors , Virus Replication/drug effectsABSTRACT
Fifty-two isolates of Penicillium viridicatum Westling were divided into three groups based on ability to produce ochratoxin and/or citrinin, color, growth rate, type of growth, odor, and isolation source. Members of group I resemble one of the representative strains of P. viridicatum described in the literature; those belonging to group II differ from group I strains in several characteristics; group III is a heterogeneous series of highly variable isolates. Although three subgroupings can be recognized, retention of all isolates in the species P. viridicatum is deemed most appropriate at this time. Spore macerates of all isolates were examined for virus-like particles but none were detected.
