Effectiveness of a two-component nutritional strategy for blood pressure control in individuals with hypertension users of a public health system: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional strategy based on two components and adapted for the public health system on blood pressure, cardiometabolic features, self-care, qualify of life and diet quality in individuals with hypertension. METHODS: NUPRESS was an open-label, parallel-group, superiority randomized controlled clinical trial in which participants at least 21 years with hypertension and poorly controlled blood pressure were randomly assigned (1 : 1 allocation ratio) to either an individualized dietary prescription according to nutritional guidelines (control group, n  = 205); or a two-component nutrition strategy, including a goal-directed nutritional counseling and mindfulness techniques (NUPRESS [intervention] group, n  = 205). Primary outcomes were SBP (mmHg) after 24 weeks of follow up and blood pressure control, defined as either having SBP more than 140 mmHg at baseline and achieving 140 mmHg or less after follow-up or having SBP 140 mmHg or less at baseline and reducing the frequency of antihypertensive drugs in use after follow-up. RESULTS: In total, 410 participants were randomized and submitted to an intention-to-treat analysis regarding primary outcomes. Both groups decreased blood pressure, but after adjusting for baseline values, there was no significant difference between them on SBP [intervention-control difference: -0.03 (-3.01; 2.94); P  = 0.98] nor blood pressure control [odds ratio 1.27 (0.82; 1.97); P  = 0.28]. No differences between groups were also detected regarding secondary and tertiary outcomes. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between a two-component nutritional strategy and an established dietary intervention on blood pressure in participants with hypertension.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the study is to investigate whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help in reducing blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension, both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), this being the primary outcome. This was a systematic review with a meta-analysis that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The keywords used for the searches were CBT and hypertension and their respective synonyms, and were applied to the Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Eligibility and data extraction were performed by two independent researchers. They assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane's RoB 2 tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of the evidence. The data was pooled on the basis that all the analyses had a random effects model. Twenty-two studies were included in this review. In the meta-analysis, 11 studies were included in the analyses of the BP outcomes (SBP and DBP), five studies were included in the follow-up evaluation, and two studies in the body mass index (BMI) analysis. The searches included a total of 2897 patients. The studies presented a high risk of bias and very low quality of evidence. We observed an effect of -0.65 (95% CI: -0.91; -0.39) for CBT-based interventions on SBP with high heterogeneity (I2 85%) and a higher effect of -0.78% (95% CI: -1.13; -0.43) on DBP with even greater heterogeneity (I2 92%). We observed that CBT did have an effect on reducing BP and BMI in hypertensive adults. However, due to the considerable heterogeneity between the studies, the high risk of bias, and the low overall quality of evidence, confidence in these findings should be limited.

Dietary quality improvement after a short-term nutritional counseling program in individuals with metabolic syndrome / Melhora da qualidade da dieta após um programa de aconselhamento nutricional de curta duração em indivíduos com Síndrome Metabólica

Metabolic Syndrome is a complex clinical condition that brings together a set of cardiovascular risk factors. Lifestyle changes, such as eating habit improvements, are first-choice therapies for the treatment of this clinical condition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term nutritional counseling, on the diet quality and total energetic value (TEV) in individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. Eighty subjects (men and women) aged 30 to 60 years with metabolic syndrome were followed over three months. The Healthy Eating Index tool adapted to the Brazilian population was used for the evaluation of diet quality. Mean age was 51 + 6 years, and 68.6% were women. The mean score of the dietary quality of the population studied increased significantly from 53.02 to 61.65 after intervention. The amount of individuals classified as Inappropriate Diet decreased significantly six-fold, the amount of individuals classified as Healthy Diet increased four-fold, and the percent of diets classified as Diet that Needs Change decreased by 25% when compared to the beginning of the study. Adequate intake of vegetables was inversely associated to abdominal circumference, as well as adequate intake of sodium and fasting serum insulin. The amount of TEV presented a significant reduction (p <0.000) after intervention. The short-term nutritional counseling showed to be efficient to improve dietary quality. Associations between dietary quality and variables studied highlight the importance of nutritional intervention in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

A Síndrome Metabólica é uma condição clínica complexa que reúne um conjunto de fatores que aumentam o risco cardiovascular. Mudanças no estilo de vida como a melhora dos hábitos alimentares são consideradas terapia de primeira escolha nesta condição clínica. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção nutricional de curta duração sobre a qualidade da dieta e o valor energético total (VET) em indivíduos com Síndrome Metabólica. Oitenta indivíduos (homens e mulheres) com idades entre 30 a 60 anos, com síndrome metabólica foram acompanhados ao longo de três meses. Para avaliar a qualidade da dieta foi utilizado o instrumento Índice de Alimentação Saudável adaptado para a população brasileira. A média de idade foi de 51 + 6 anos e 68,6% eram mulheres. A pontuação média da qualidade da dieta da população estudada aumentou significativamente de 53,02 para 61,65 após a intervenção. A quantidade de indivíduos classificados como dieta inadequada diminuiu significativamente em seis vezes, a quantidade de indivíduos classificados como dieta saudável aumentou quatro vezes, e a percentagem de dietas classificadas como dieta que necessita modificação diminuiu 25% em relação ao início do estudo. A ingestão adequada de vegetais foi inversamente associada à circunferência abdominal, bem como a ingestão adequada de sódio e insulina sérica de jejum. O VET apresentou uma redução significativa (p <0,000) após a intervenção. O aconselhamento nutricional de curta duração mostrou-se eficiente para melhorar a qualidade da dieta. As associações entre a qualidade da dieta e as variáveis estudadas destacam a importância da intervenção nutricional em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica.

Dietary quality improvement after a short-term nutritional counseling program in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome is a complex clinical condition that brings together a set of cardiovascular risk factors. Lifestyle changes, such as eating habit improvements, are first-choice therapies for the treatment of this clinical condition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term nutritional counseling, on the diet quality and total energetic value (TEV) in individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. Eighty subjects (men and women) aged 30 to 60 years with metabolic syndrome were followed over three months. The Healthy Eating Index tool adapted to the Brazilian population was used for the evaluation of diet quality. Mean age was 51 + 6 years, and 68.6% were women. The mean score of the dietary quality of the population studied increased significantly from 53.02 to 61.65 after intervention. The amount of individuals classified as Inappropriate Diet decreased significantly six-fold, the amount of individuals classified as Healthy Diet increased four-fold, and the percent of diets classified as Diet that Needs Change decreased by 25% when compared to the beginning of the study. Adequate intake of vegetables was inversely associated to abdominal circumference, as well as adequate intake of sodium and fasting serum insulin. The amount of TEV presented a significant reduction (p <0.000) after intervention. The short-term nutritional counseling showed to be efficient to improve dietary quality. Associations between dietary quality and variables studied highlight the importance of nutritional intervention in individuals with metabolic syndrome.