ABSTRACT
Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood. Cough is one of its defining symptoms. This study investigated the associations between selected inflammatory biomarkers and cough reflex sensitivity after capsaicin inhalation in children with mild and moderate well-controlled type 2 endotype asthma compared with non-asthmatic probands. Sensitivity to the cough reflex was measured by recording the cough response after capsaicin inhalation. The sandwich ELISA method was used to measure serum concentrations of the investigated potential inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin 13, interleukin 1beta, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin). The acquired data were statistically evaluated according to descriptive analyses for summarization and comparison between cough reflex sensitivity parameters and individual biomarker values in the observed and control groups modeled by a simple linear regression model. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. We showed a statistically significant association (p-value 0.03) between cough reflex sensitivity - C2 value (capsaicin concentration required for two cough responses) and interleukin 1beta serum concentrations in the asthma group compared with the control group of non-asthmatic children. Our results support the possibility of interleukin 1beta as a potential additive inflammatory biomarker used in clinical practice in children with asthma because of its correlation with the activity of the afferent nerve endings in the airways.
Subject(s)
Asthma , Cough , Humans , Child , Interleukin-1beta , Cough/etiology , Capsaicin , Reflex/physiology , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/complications , BiomarkersABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine whether cough sensitivity is changed after adenoidectomy in atopic children with chronic cough. 21 Children having symptoms of chronic cough and adenoid hypertrophy verified by nasal fiberoptic endoscopy were submitted to cough sensitivity measurement before and after adenoidectomy. Their pulmonary function was within normal range. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Children' (14 boys and 7 girls, mean age 6,52 yrs) cough sensitivity (geometric mean, with 95% CI) for C2 was preoperatively (before adenoidectomy) 19.95 (9.95-39.98) micromol/l vs. children' C2 postoperatively 14.04 (7.16-27.55) (Pâ¯=â¯.083 for Wilcoxon paired two sample test). Children' C5 was preoperatively 86.26 (39.25-189.57) micromol/l vs. C5 postoperatively 95.23 (46.33-195.75) micromol/l (Pâ¯=â¯.794 for Wilcoxon paired two sample test). We conclude that cough sensitivity for C2 and C5 was not significantly changed after adenoidectomy in atopic children with chronic cough.
Subject(s)
Adenoidectomy , Cough/physiopathology , Cough/surgery , Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Hypersensitivity/surgery , Reflex , Adolescent , Capsaicin , Child , Child, Preschool , Endoscopy , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Bronchial challenge tests are commonly used in clinical medicine and research. The aim of this study was to clarify changes of cough reflex sensitivity before and after exercise challenge testing in asthma children. 42 asthmatic children were submitted to cough reflex sensitivity measurement - capsaicin aerosol in doubling concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 micromol/l) was inhaled by a single breath method - before and after exercise challenge testing. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Children' (31 boys and 11 girls, mean age 14.05⯱â¯2.08 yrs) cough reflex sensitivity (median, with the 95% CI) for C2 was before exercise challenge testing 9.77 (6.10-10.99) micromol/l vs. children' C2 after it 7.32 (6.10-14.65) (Pâ¯=â¯0.58 for the Wilcoxon two sample paired test). Children' C5 was before exercise challenge testing 19.53 (14.65-80.57) micromol/l vs. C5 after it 39.06 (24.42-58.59) micromol/l (Pâ¯=â¯0.09 for the Wilcoxon two sample paired test). We conclude that cough reflex sensitivity was not significantly changed after exercise challenge testing in children with asthma.
Subject(s)
Asthma/physiopathology , Cough/physiopathology , Exercise , Reflex , Adolescent , Asthma/complications , Capsaicin , Child , Cough/etiology , Exercise/physiology , Exercise Test , Female , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Reflex/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We have evaluated the impact of chronic administration of clorgyline, a potent monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and a former antidepressant, on the preimplantation embryo development in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Females were injected intraperitoneally daily for 30 days with saline (control animals, C), or with a low dose of clorgyline (0.1 mg/kg/day, LDC) or with a high dose of clorgyline (1 mg/kg/day, HDC). Embryos were isolated on day 5 of pregnancy and their urine was collected. RESULTS: The number of embryos per female did not differ between experimental groups and control, but we have recorded a decreased number of embryos in HDC group compared to LDC (p < 0.05). We have found that LDC significantly reduced the presence of healthy embryos and increased the presence of the degenerated embryos (p < 0.001). The administration of the LDC resulted in the lowest cell number in blastocysts (p < 0.01). Concerning monoamines in urine, we have observed significantly increased serotonin levels in HDC group compared to control (p < 0.05) and LDC animals (p < 0.01). Norepinephrine levels in both experimental groups were significantly elevated compared to controls, too (p < 0.001 LDC vs C; p < 0.01 HDC vs C). CONCLUSIONS: We assume that the impaired embryo development recorded in the LDC group after clorgyline administration was a consequence of the higher levels of the norepinephrine. We speculate that lesser negative effect of HDC compared to LDC on the preimplantation embryo development could be the consequence of the lesser norepinephrine levels and/or elevated serotonin levels (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 37). Full Text in free PDF www.bmj.sk.
