ABSTRACT
The molar ratio of menadione (vitamin K3) to beta-cyclodextrin in the microcrystalline inclusion complex showed this to be 1:3 with a menadione content of approximately 4.1-4.3%. Complexes with higher vitamin content could not be prepared. Bound and free vitamin can be readily separated by sublimation in vacuum. The menadione is highly stable in complexed form; in dry state it is released only when cyclodextrin is destroyed by heating to about 300 degrees C. Complexed menadione does not react with amino acids. Solubility and dissolution rate are strongly increased. Treating hypovitaminotic chickens with equivalent doses of menadione or menadione-beta-cyclodextrin complex and monitoring blood clotting times, recalcification times and prothrombin times the complex proved to be at least as effective as--or even somewhat more potent than--free vitamin. 1.5-2.0 micrograms/animal/d free or complexed menadione was sufficient to cover the daily vitamin K needs of chickens.
Subject(s)
Cyclodextrins/administration & dosage , Dextrins/administration & dosage , Starch/administration & dosage , Vitamin K/administration & dosage , beta-Cyclodextrins , Animals , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Chickens , Crystallization , Cyclodextrins/pharmacology , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Poultry Diseases/drug therapy , Vitamin K/pharmacology , Vitamin K Deficiency/drug therapy , Vitamin K Deficiency/veterinarySubject(s)
Glycogen/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , Pyridazines/pharmacology , Animals , In Vitro Techniques , Rabbits , RatsABSTRACT
Rats were treated for 21 days with 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg Glypondin dissolved in the drinking water. The weight-increasing effect of Glypondin was studied in rat organs. In the liver a significant rise in the concentration of TCA-soluble glycogen was demonstrated. In the myocardium and m. gastrocnemius the concentration of both the labile and glycogen was unchanged. In the m. gastrocnemius of rats treated with Glypondin a significant rise in the concentration of noncollagenous protein was demonstrated.
