Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/virology , Erythema Infectiosum/complications , Parvovirus B19, Human , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A homologous region in the parvovirus B19 non-structural gene (B19 nt 1399-1682) was examined in 50 samples from patients with a wide variety of B19-related disease from various countries by PCR amplification, single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay and nucleotide sequencing. Five SSCP types were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Of a total of 6 mutations, all were silent. Types 3 and 4 accounted for 92% of strains. There was no correlation between genome type and either clinical illness or patient age. However, there was a correlation between SSCP type and country of origin. Type 3 strains predominated in Japan (18/26) and the UK (6/8), whereas type 4 predominated in the USA (9/12). Notably, type 3 strains also predominated among females (14/18), whereas there were approximately equal numbers of strain types 3 (7/17) and 4 (8/17) among males; an observation which remains unexplained. Within the Japanese group, although type 3 strains predominated overall, strains isolated from 1981 to 1987 consisted of types 1 (2/15), 2 (1/15), 3 (8/15), and 4 (4/15), whereas strains isolated from 1990 to 1994 consisted almost entirely of type 3 (10/11).
Subject(s)
Erythema Infectiosum/virology , Genetic Variation , Parvovirus B19, Human/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , DNA, Viral/analysis , Erythema Infectiosum/blood , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded ConformationalABSTRACT
From July to September 1993 in the intensive care unit of the Royal Victoria Hospital there were 10 cases of pneumonia associated with sputum culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolates had an identical biotype and pyocine typing profile. The same strain of P. aeruginosa was recovered from the sink plug-hole in two rooms, and the tap handles and ventilator tubing in a third room. All strains were retrospectively typed by the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method using a 26-mer oligonucleotide primer, and were identical in profile. Recommendations to medical and nursing staff included secretion isolation precautions, terminal disinfection after patient discharge, use of disposable vinyl gloves by hospital staff for all body substance contacts, thorough handwashing with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate before and after dealing with all patient contacts, and prompt, appropriate antibiotic treatment for P. aeruginosa pneumonia. RAPD is a simple and effective method to determine the relatedness of P. aeruginosa isolates, and typing results are available within a single working day; thus dramatically increasing its clinical relevance over existing molecular methods.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Gene Amplification , Intensive Care Units , Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology , Pseudomonas Infections/epidemiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Cross Infection/microbiology , Humans , Infection Control/methods , Northern Ireland/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Erythema Infectiosum , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , DNA, Viral/blood , Erythema Infectiosum/epidemiology , Erythema Infectiosum/virology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin were compared in the treatment of respiratory infections (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic lung disease) in a study of 48 patients randomly assigned to ten days treatment with standard doses of either drug. Forty-eight patients were evaluated, 26 in the ciprofloxacin group and 22 in the amoxycillin group. The response to therapy was judged by clinical and bacteriological criteria. Ciprofloxacin was as effective as amoxycillin with a successful outcome in 81% and 82% of cases respectively. A specific bacterial cause was determined in just over half the cases (28 patients) and eradication rates were higher for ciprofloxacin than for amoxycillin, 87% and 64% respectively. In particular, amoxycillin was unsuccessful in two patients infected with Branhamella catarrhalis. Both regimens were safe and produced little, if any, adverse effect (one possible episode in each treatment group). Ciprofloxacin was found to be as effective in bacterial respiratory tract infections as amoxycillin.
Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Random AllocationABSTRACT
This study was designed to identify the empirical structure of attitudes relating to attribution of blame in incest. A second purpose was to determine how variables such as gender, physically abused status, and sexually abused status influence the attribution of blame in incest. A sample of 201 male and 211 female college students was administered the Jackson Incest Blame Scale. Four factors emerged from the factor analysis of the total sample supporting the hypothesis that attribution of blame in incest is a multidimensional construct including victim, offender, situational, and societal factors. A difference in the level of victim blame was found between male and female samples. Results are discussed with regard to their implications for further research and training. Other potential uses of the Jackson Incest Blame Scale are suggested.
