ABSTRACT
AIM: Kidney hypoxia can predispose to the development of acute and chronic renal failure in diabetes. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) causes inflammation, and diabetes is known to exacerbate this inflammatory response in the kidney, whereas alarmin IL-33 could act as an innate immune mediator during kidney IRI. Thus, the present study examined the impact of genetic IL-33 receptor ST2 deficiency (ST2-/-) on renal IRI in euglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mice. METHODS: Hyperglycaemia was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in adult male C57BL/6JRj wild-type (WT) mice and ST2-/- mice. Unilateral renal IRI was achieved 3months after STZ treatment by left kidney nephrectomy (non-ischaemic control kidney) and clamping of the right renal artery for 32min in STZ- and vehicle-treated animals. At 24h after reperfusion, renal function and injury were determined by levels of plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and histological tubule scores. Also, in a complementary pilot clinical study, soluble ST2 concentrations were compared in diabetics and non-diabetics. RESULTS: Urinary albumin was significantly increased in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic mice, regardless of genotypic background. At 24h post-ischaemia, plasma creatinine, BUN and tubular injury were significantly reduced in ST2-/- mice compared with vehicle-treated WT mice, but this protective effect was lost in the STZ-induced hyperglycaemic ST2-/- animals. Plasma concentrations of soluble ST2 were significantly greater in type 2 diabetes patients vs non-diabetics. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the IL-33/ST2 pathway exerts differential effects depending on the glucose environment, opening-up new avenues for future research on alarmins and diabetes in ischaemia-related diseases.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Hyperglycemia/metabolism , Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/genetics , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Aged , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Female , Humans , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/metabolism , Kidney/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Middle Aged , Streptozocin/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Evaluation of modified Algerian clay as mineral adsorbent was done for its adsorbing capacity on copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) cations. The results obtained show a rapid kinetic adsorption for both metals (less than 2 h) following the pseudo-second order model with high elimination rates of 67.2 and 61.8% for Cu and Zn respectively. The adsorption isotherms analyzed with Langmuir model revealed a correlation with the experimental values. While the use of obtained chitosan at room temperature, as flocculent coagulant, accelerates the decantation of the colloidal particles in suspension generated after adsorption process.
