Cellulose nanocrystals: a multimodal tool to enhance the targeted drug delivery against bone disorders.

Aim: We investigated the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as drug nanocarriers combining an anti-osteoporotic agent, alendronate (ALN), and an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). Materials & methods: CNC physicochemical characterization, in vivo imaging coupled with histology and in vitro uptake and toxicity assays were carried out. Results:In vivo CNC-ALN did not modify bone tropism and lung penetration, whereas its liver and kidney accumulation was slightly higher compared with CNCs alone. In vitro studies showed that CNC-ALN did not impair ALN's effect on osteoclasts, whereas CNC-DOX confirmed the therapeutic potential against bone metastatic cancer cells. Conclusions: This study provides robust proof of the potential of CNCs as easy, flexible and specific carriers to deliver compounds to the bone.

Corrigendum to "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: The Efficacy of Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Associated with Constipation".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/4740907.].

Solution and solid-phase chemoselective synthesis of (1-6)-amino(methoxy) di- and trisaccharide analogues.

Disaccharide and trisaccharide mimics containing the amino(methoxy) interglycosidic linkage were obtained by chemoselective condensation of unprotected aldoses in an aqueous environment both in solution and in solid phase.