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1.
Medwave ; 19(6): e7668, 2019 Jul 23.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31348768

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in Chile. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of stroke in our hospital unit (Complejo Asistencial Víctor Ríos Ruiz). METHODS: We performed an observational, cross-sectional study. We included patients who were discharged from our hospital with a diagnosis of stroke between 2014 and 2017. We extracted data on stroke-related ICD codes, demographic variables, types of stroke, case fatality rates, and hospital stay. Quantitative variables were expressed as averages with standard deviation (± SD), and categorical variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Differences were analyzed using Student t-distribution and ANOVA. We defined a p-value of < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: In total, 1856 patients were discharged of which 58.6% were male, with an average age of 66.9 (± 13.9) years, and an average stay of 10.4 (± 16.7) days. In the female population, the average age was 69.9 (± 16), and the average hospitalization was 11.1 (± 16.5) days. 55.5% of stroke cases was ischemic, and 17.4% was hemorrhagic. The main risk factors were hypertension (72%) and type 2 diabetes (33%). We found an overall in-hospital case fatality rate of 10.6%. Both the case fatality rate and prolonged in-hospital stay were associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and hemorrhagic stroke (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of stroke is similar in both men and women. Hypertension was the leading risk factor associated with acute stroke. Although ischemic stroke was the most frequent diagnosis, both subarachnoid hemorrhage and hemorrhagic stroke were related to an increased case fatality rate and a more extended hospital stay.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades cerebrales vasculares son la primera causa específica de muerte y discapacidad en Chile. OBJETIVO: Analizar características epidemiológicas de pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de accidentes vasculares cerebrales en el Complejo Asistencial Víctor Ríos Ruiz. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, transversal. Se analizaron los egresos hospitalarios con diagnóstico de accidentes vasculares cerebrales entre 2014 y 2017. Se recolectaron datos sobre el diagnóstico de accidentes vasculares cerebrales mediante registro CIE 10, datos demográficos, tipo de accidentes vasculares cerebrales y datos respecto de la letalidad y estadía intrahospitalaria. Las variables cuantitativas fueron expresadas mediante promedios y desviación estándar (± DS) mientras que las variables categóricas fueron evaluadas mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Las diferencias entre las variables fueron analizadas mediante T de Student y ANOVA de un factor. Se consideraron resultados significativos los valores p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se caracterizó un total de 1856 egresos, 58,6% fueron hombres, edad media de 66,9 (± 13,9) años y estadía media de 10,4 (± 16,7) días. En mujeres, la edad media fue 69,9 (± 16) años y estadía media 11,1 (± 16,5) días. El 55,5% correspondió a accidentes vasculares cerebrales isquémicos y 17,4% accidentes vasculares cerebrales hemorrágicos. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron hipertensión arterial (72%) y diabetes mellitus (33%). La letalidad intrahospitalaria global fue de 10,6%. Tanto la letalidad y estadía prolongada estuvieron asociadas a hemorragia subaracnoidea y accidentes vasculares cerebrales hemorrágicos (valor p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de accidentes vasculares cerebrales es similar en hombres y mujeres. La hipertensión arterial fue el factor de riesgo más prevalente. A pesar de que el accidente vascular cerebral isquémico fue el más frecuente, la hemorragia subaracnoidea y el accidente cerebral vascular hemorrágico fueron relacionados con una mayor letalidad y estadía prolongada.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Hypertension/epidemiology , Stroke/epidemiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Female , Humans , Intracranial Hemorrhages/epidemiology , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology
2.
Front Immunol ; 9: 1257, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29928277

ABSTRACT

Hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) is a thyroid hormone deficiency (THD) condition highly frequent during pregnancy, which although asymptomatic for the mother, it can impair the cognitive function of the offspring. Previous studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism increases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune disease model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we analyzed the immune response after EAE induction in the adult offspring gestated in Hpx. Mice gestated in Hpx showed an early appearance of EAE symptoms and the increase of all parameters of the disease such as: the pathological score, spinal cord demyelination, and immune cell infiltration in comparison to the adult offspring gestated in euthyroidism. Isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells from spleen of the offspring gestated in Hpx that suffer EAE showed reduced capacity to suppress proliferation of effector T cells (TEff) after being stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments of CD4+CD25+ T cells from the offspring gestated in Hpx suffering EAE to mice that were induced with EAE showed that the receptor mice suffer more intense EAE pathological score. Even though, no significant differences were detected in the frequency of Treg cells and IL-10 content in the blood, spleen, and brain between mice gestated in Hpx or euthyroidism, T cells CD4+CD25+ from spleen have reduced capacity to differentiate in vitro to Treg and to produce IL-10. Thus, our data support the notion that maternal Hpx can imprint the immune response of the offspring suffering EAE probably due to a reduced capacity to trigger suppression. Such "imprints" on the immune system could contribute to explaining as to why adult offspring gestated in Hpx suffer earlier and more intense EAE.


Subject(s)
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism , Hypothyroidism/complications , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Pregnancy Complications , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Adoptive Transfer , Animals , Biomarkers , Cell Differentiation , Cytokines/metabolism , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy , Female , Hypothyroidism/blood , Hypothyroidism/etiology , Immunophenotyping , Lymphocyte Activation , Lymphocyte Count , Methimazole/administration & dosage , Methimazole/adverse effects , Mice , Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism , Phenotype , Pregnancy , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 39(2): 185-99, jun. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-88945

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó el efecto del maíz opaco-2 y de su complementación con harina de lupino en la calidad sensorial y valor nutricional de "humitas". Además, se estudiaron los cambios nutricionales y de calidad ocurridos durante la esterilización del producto enlatado en dos tamaños de envase. El maíz híbrido y opaco-2 se complementaron con 6%, 8%, 10% y 12% de harina de lupino, seleccionándose el 8% como el nivel óptimo de complementación desde el punto de vista nutricional y sensorial. Luego se realizaron estudios de penetración de calor del producto enlatado en envases de hojalata N 2 y N 6, calculándose un tiempo total de proceso a 121§C, de 73 min y 147 min, respectivamente. Las "humitas" preparadas con maíz híbrido y opaco-2, con y sin complementación con lupino, antes y después de la esterilización, se sometieron a análisis químico proximal, pH, acidez y lisina disponible; valoración biológica de la proteína mediante la razón proteínica neta (NPR) y digestibilidad, así como a evaluación sensorial de calidad y aceptabilidad. Se concluyó que la complementación con 8% de lupino mejora significativamente el valor nutricional del maíz híbrido pero no así el de maíz opaco-2. El proceso de esterilización afecta la disponibilidad de lisina en forma proporcional a la concentración del aminoácido y duración del tratamiento térmico. Por otro lado, afecta negativamente la calidad biológica de la proteína y algunos atributos organolépticos. La complementación con 8% de lupino también produjo cambios...


Subject(s)
Fabaceae , Flour , Food Preservation , Food, Fortified/analysis , Zea mays , Food Handling , Hot Temperature , Nutritive Value
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