ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are the most common primary central nervous system tumor in children. Patients in whom gross total resection can be achieved have an excellent overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) and do not require adjuvant therapy. However, children with unresectable tumors often experience multiple progressions and require additional treatment. CONVENTIONAL CHEMOTHERAPY: Radiotherapy results in long-term tumor control, but it is associated with significant toxicity, making chemotherapy the preferred therapeutic option. Several chemotherapy combinations have been found to be successful in PLGG, but 5-year EFS has been below 60 % with most of them. MOLECULAR-BASED TREATMENT: Recent molecular advances have led to a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the biology of LGG, allowing the development of promising tumor-specific, molecularly targeted therapies.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Glioma/drug therapy , Glioma/genetics , Pediatrics , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Humans , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Signal Transduction/genetics , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , ras Proteins/genetics , ras Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To determine the rates of influenza-related hospitalization and to know the clinical manifestations and underlying diseases in children younger than 3 years who are hospitalized with influenza. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive study (1996-2003), performed in a tertiary teaching hospital in Madrid. Data of hospitalized children, younger than 3 years, with influenza virus isolation from nasal aspirates were collected. Rates of hospitalization for every year were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 146 children hospitalized with influenza were identified: 117 had community-acquired influenza as the only disease, 18 had community-acquired influenza and were coinfected with other pathogens, and 11 had nosocomial infection. Rates of influenza hospitalization for years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 were 0.42, 0.11, 1.46, 1.54, 0.53, 0.25, 0.19, and 0.82, respectively, per 1000 children younger than 3 years of age. Children Subject(s)
Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology
, Community-Acquired Infections/virology
, Influenza A virus
, Influenza, Human/epidemiology
, Age Factors
, Animals
, Child, Preschool
, Dogs
, Female
, Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
, Humans
, Infant
, Infant, Newborn
, Influenza B virus
, Influenza, Human/virology
, Male
, Retrospective Studies
, Spain/epidemiology
