ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Describir los factores psicosociales en las dimensiones demandas de trabajo en los residentes de especialidades médicas en Barranquilla. Métodos Estudio cualitativo con metodología fenomenológica en residentes de especialidades médicas adscritos a una institución de educación superior en Barranquilla. Mediante entrevistas en profundidad se recogieron las experiencias, vivencias y consideraciones manifestadas en su vida cotidiana y en su salud mental, frente a las situaciones que afrontan a diario en su formación en el contexto laboral en medio de la ejecución de sus responsabilidades operativas. Resultados En el dominio de demandas de trabajo se concentraron las cinco dimensiones más sobresalientes, con 266 testimonios-demandas de autocontrol emocional; seguidos de 237 en la dimensión demandas cuantitativa; 165, en demandas de carga mental; 152, en demandas ambientales y de esfuerzo físico; y 142, en exigencias de responsabilidad del cargo. Conclusiones Es importante revisar las cargas de las demandas de trabajo a lo largo del curso de la residencia de las especialidades medico quirúrgicas para disminuir los riesgos psicosociales en el desempeño de sus funciones.
ABSTRACT Objective To describe the psychosocial factors in the dimensions of work demands in the residents of medical specialties in Barranquilla. Methods A qualitative study with phenomenological methodology in residents of medical specialties assigned to an Institution of Higher Education in Barranquilla. Through the in-depth interviews, the experiences, experiences, and considerations manifested in their daily lives and mental health were collected, in the face of the situations, they face daily in their training in the work context amid the execution of their operational responsibilities. Results The five most outstanding dimensions were concentrated in the domain demands of work, with 266 testimonies demands of emotional self-control, followed by 237 in the dimension quantitative demands, 165 in demands of mental load, 152 in environmental demands and of physical effort, and 142 in demands of responsibility of the position. Conclusions It is important to review the burdens of work demands throughout the course of the residency of the medical-surgical specialties to reduce psychosocial risks in the performance of their functions.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo principal: Identificar un modelo con regresión múltiple para relacionar la Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado, con las situaciones de estrés académico y estilos de afrontamiento; además, comparar las diferencias de las respuestas entre hombres y mujeres estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública en México. Metodología: Se evaluó a 675 estudiantes de entre 18 y 24 años a través de los cuestionarios Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado, Inventario de Estrés Académico y el Perfil de Estrés de Nowack, el modelo se obtuvo mediante el análisis de regresión. Resultados principales: el modelo identificó a las dimensiones valoración negativa, la minimización de la amenaza y el inverso de valoración positiva del estilo de afrontamiento, así como con las situaciones de estrés académico (exposición de un trabajo, masificación en el aula, trabajos obligatorios, trabajo en grupo, intervención en el aula, sobrecarga académica, y competitividad entre compañeros) como predictores de la Ansiedad Rasgo, y explicaron el 84% de la varianza (R2 = .84). En cuanto al análisis comparativo, el sexo femenino presentó niveles más altos de ansiedad, estrés académico, así como en el estilo de afrontamiento de concentración del problema, en comparación con los hombres. Conclusión principal: la presencia de situaciones de estrés académico y los estilos de afrontamiento negativos pueden ser condiciones generadoras de la ansiedad rasgo. Si se identifican oportunamente, podría ayudar a controlarlos o eliminarlos, antes de que puedan afectar la salud y el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de enfermería. (AU)
Objective: Identify a model with multiple regression to relate State-Trait Anxiety, with the situations of academic stress and coping styles; in addition, compare the differences in the responses between male and female, nursing students at a public university in Mexico. Methodology: were evaluated 675 students between 18 and 24 years old, through the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory, Academic Stress Inventory and the Nowack Stress Profile questionnaires. This model was obtained through regression analysis. Main results: The model identified the following dimensions as predictors of Anxiety-Trait: negative assessment, threat minimization and the inverse of positive assessment of the coping style, as well as with academic stress situations (exposure of a job, overcrowding in the classroom, obligatory works, group work, classroom intervention, academic overload, and competitiveness between classmates) as predictors of Anxiety-Trait and explained 84% of the variance (R2 = .84). Regarding the comparative analysis, the female sex presented higher levels of anxiety, academic stress, as well as in the coping style of concentration of the problem compared to the men. Main conclusion: the presence of academic stress situations and negative coping styles can be conditions that generate trait anxiety. If they are identified in a timely manner, it could help controlling or eliminating them, before they can affect the health and academic performance of nursing students. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Nursing/psychology , Anxiety , Stress, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Cross-Sectional Studies , MexicoABSTRACT
Dentistry is considered a stressful profession, since dentists are exposed to potential stressors during their practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify chronic stress levels and their association with different risk factors among dentists working at public health institutions in Guadalajara, Mexico. The study was observational, cross-sectional and one of association. The universe of this study was composed of 256 dentists that were obtained by means of a census technique. The instrument used for the analysis carried out in the year 2006 was the Stress Syndrome Inventory, performed with concurrent validation. Information was processed for the analysis, and chronic stress levels were identified with a bivariate analysis. Association strength was measured with OR, and confusion factors were controlled with a multivariate logistic analysis. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that female dentists have a greater risk of developing a high chronic stress level with an adjusted OR of 1.84, meaning that the risk for women is 1.84 times greater than that of men.
