Evaluación de la no adherencia al tratamiento hipoglucemiante en la farmacia comunitaria / Evaluation of non-adherence to hipoglucemiary treatment in community pharmacy

Introducción: La adherencia al tratamiento en enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes mellitus (DM) es de vital importancia. El incumplimiento está directamente implicado en el aumento del número de medicamentos prescritos en enfermos crónicos y es una de las causas más importantes de fracaso de los tratamientos. Objetivos: Evaluar en la farmacia comunitaria la prevalencia de no adherencia al tratamiento en DM tipo 2 mediante la realización del cuestionario MMAS-8. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en mayo y junio de 2018. Se seleccionaron pacientes mayores de 45 años, en tratamiento con hipoglucemiantes. Se midió la adherencia farmacoterapéutica mediante la administración del cuestionario (MMAS-8) según la puntuación obtenida en el test y la percepción que tienen sobre su tratamiento. Resultados: Participaron 64 pacientes, 29 (45,3%) mujeres y 35 (54,7) hombres. Las mujeres tenían 65,5 años de edad media (DE=15,3) y los hombres 65,6 años (DE=12,3). La puntuación media del test de MMAS-8 fue de 6,2±2,1, no encontrando diferencias significativas entre sexos. Se encontró que el número de pacientes con baja adherencia fueron 21 (32,8%), con media adherencia 19 (29,7%) y con alta adherencia 24 (37,5%). No se encontró relación entre el porcentaje de adherencia al tratamiento con el sexo, edad, nivel de estudios y condición laboral. La creencia de que el tratamiento mejora la enfermedad y que los medicamentos prescritos son los adecuados aumenta la adherencia. Conclusiones: El cuestionario MMAS-8 se ha mostrado como una herramienta rápida y sencilla para la evaluación de la adherencia del tratamiento en la farmacia comunitaria

Background: The treatment adherence in chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus is of vital importance. Noncompliance is directly implicated in the increase of the prescribed drugs number in chronic patients and is one of the most important causes of treatment failure. Objectives: To evaluate in the community pharmacy the prevalence of non-adherence to treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus by completing the MMAS-8 questionnaire. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in May and June 2018. Patients older than 45 years were selected, in treatment with hypoglycemic agents. Pharmacotherapeutic adherence was measured by administering the questionnaire (MMAS-8) according to the score obtained in the test and the perception they have of their treatment. Results: 64 patients participated, 29 (45.3%) women and 35 (54.7) men. Women ware 65.5 years of age (SD = 15.3) and men 65.6 years (SD = 12.3). The mean score of the MMAS-8 test was 6.2±2.1, not finding significant differences between sexes. It was found that the number of patients with low adherence was 21 (32.8%), with medium adherence 19 (29.7%) and with high adherence 24 (37.5%). No relation was found between the percentage of adherence to treatment with sex, age, level of education and work condition. The belief that the treatment improves the disease and that the prescribed medications are adequate, increases adherence. Conclusions: The MMAS-8 questionnaire has been shown as a quick and simple tool for evaluating the adherence of the treatment in the community pharmacy

Análisis de hábitos nutricionales y actividad física de adolescentes escolarizados. RIVACANGAS / Analysis of nutritio nal habits and physical activity among adolescent students. RIVACANGAS

Fundamentos: El objetivo es conocer el estilo de vida de una muestra de adolescentes respecto a su alimentación y realización de actividad física. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, multicéntrico, realizado en una 630 alumnos (44,8% niñas y 53,2% niños) de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de Cangas (Pontevedra). Se tuvieron en cuenta variables: 1) Sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus; 2) Alimentación: adh erencia a la dieta mediterránea: Cuestionario KIDMED; y 3) Actividad física: Cuestionario PAQ -A. Resultados: Edad media=13,8±1,4. Puntuación KIDMED fue de 4,99±2,18, observándose como disminuye con la edad (r=-0,1761; p<0,001), y en el que el 66,35% present ó una adherencia media (mayor en mujeres), el 21,9% baja y el 11,75% alta. La valoración PAQ -A fue de 2,63±0,67, siendo mayor en niños (2,76±0,66 vs 2,50±0,66; p<0,001), disminuyendo también con la edad (r=-0,1340; p<0,001) y en el que el 79,05% tuvo una a ctividad física moderada, siendo ésta mayor en hombres (p<0,001). Se vio una relación lineal entre la puntuación KIDMED y PAQ -A (r=0,2436; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Casi dos de cada diez alumnos tienen antecedentes familiares de HTA, y poco más del 5% con antecedentes de diabetes en familiares de primer grado. Los hábitos alimentarios, son mejores entre las chicas y empeoran con la edad. Además se vio una moderada ad hesión a la dieta mediterránea y también una moderada actividad física, siendo mayor entre los chicos y a menor edad (AU)

Background: The objective is to know the lifestyle of a sample of adolescents about their diet and physical activity. ethods: Cross-sectional, observational and multicentre study of 630 students of ESO (44.8% of girls and 53.2% of children) in Cangas, Pontevedra. Variables that were taken into account: 1) Sociodemographic: age, sex, personal and family history of hyperte nsion and diabetes mellitus; 2) Food: adherence to the Mediterranean diet: KIDMED questionnaire; and 3) Physical activity: PAQ-A Questionnaire. Results: Mean age=13.8 ± 1.4. The KIDMED score was 4.99±2.18, being observed as decreasing with age (r=-0.1761, p<0.001), and in which 66.35% had an average adherence (greater in women), 21.9% low and 11.75% high adherence. The PAQ-A score was 2.63 ± 0.67, being higher in children (2.76 ± 0.66 vs 2.50±0.66, p<0.001), also decreasing with age (r=-0.1340, p<0.001),and in which 79.05% had moderate physical activity, which was greater in men (p<0.001). A linear relationship was found between the KIDMED score and PAQ -A (r=0.2436, p<0.001). Conclusions: Almost two out of ten students have a family history of hypertension, and little more than 5% have a history of diabetes in first-degree relatives. Food: though eating habits in many studies reviewed, they are better mong girls but worsen with age. Eating habits are better among girls and worsen with age. There was also a moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and also a moderate physical activity, being greater among boys and younger (AU)

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes escolarizados (RIVACANGAS) / Cardiovascular risk factors in scholars (RIVACANGAS)

Antecedentes y objetivo: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) en niños y adolescentes y las estrategias de prevención cardiovascular están poco estudiadas en ese grupo de edad. El objetivo del estudio es conocer los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en una muestra de adolescentes. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal de una muestra de adolescentes de 12 a 17años (n=630), realizado entre octubre de 2014 y febrero de 2015 en 4 centros escolares de Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Variables sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares de HTA y diabetes (DM). Variables antropométricas: índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), perímetro de cintura (cm), índice cintura/talla (ICT); presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) (mmHg). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 295 mujeres y 335 hombres. Edad media: 13,8±1,4años. El 68% sin patologías. Patologías relacionadas con RCV: hipercolesterolemia (7,1%), enfermedad cardiovascular (1,7%), HTA (0,8%), diabetes (0,3%). IMC medio: 22,0±3,8, mayor en hombres (22,4±3,8 vs 21,0±3,2; p<0,01). Sobrepeso (IMC>P85) 23,3%, mayor en mujeres (27,6% vs 19,7%; p<0,05). Obesidad: 7%. El 63,8% PAS>P90 y el 23,7% PAD>P90. El perímetro de cintura se correlaciona de forma positiva con la edad (r=0,1669; p<0,0001) y es mayor entre los hombres (75,4±10,9 vs 72,9±8,9; p<0,01). El 27,1% perímetro de cintura >P75 y el 7,5%, >P90. Un total de 84 (13,3%) adolescentes presentaron 2 factores de RCV (sobrepeso+otro). Conclusiones: Pese a su corta edad, más del 10% de los escolares tiene 2 factores de RCV. Más del 50% presentaron valores anormales de PAS, el 20%, sobrepeso, y casi el 25%, valores anormales de perímetro de cintura (AU)

Background and aim: The current guidelines for treatment of high blood pressure do not include any section dedicated to hypertension in children and adolescents or to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention strategies in that age group. Our study was aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in an adolescent sample. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study of a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17years (n=630), conducted from October 2014 to February 2015 in four schools in Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Sociodemographic variables: age, sex, personal and family history of hypertension and diabetes (DM). Anthropometric variables: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC, cm), waist/height index (WHI), blood pressure (mmHg). Results: The study sample consisted of 295 female and 335 male adolescents (mean age: 13.8±1.4). CVR-related conditions: hypercholesterolemia (7.1%), CVD (1.7%), hypertension (0.8%) and diabetes (0.3%). BMI (22.0±3,8) was higher in males (22.4±3.8 vs. 21.0±3.2; P<.01). Overweight was greater in females (27.6% vs. 19.7%; P<.05). Seven percent of subjects were obese, 63.8% had systolic BP >P90 and 23.7% had diastolic BP >P90. Waist circumference positively correlated with age (r=0.1669; P<.0001) and was greater in males (75.4±10.9 vs. 72.9±8.9; P<0.01); 27.1% of adolescents had a waist circumference >P75, and 7.5% >P90. Eighty-four (13.3%) adolescents had two CVRFs (overweight+another). Conclusions: Despite their young age, more than 10% of school children had two CVRFs. Abnormal SBP levels were seen in more than 50%, 20% were overweight, and only 75% had normal waist circumference values (AU)

Cardiovascular risk factors in scholars (RIVACANGAS). / Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes escolarizados (RIVACANGAS).

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The current guidelines for treatment of high blood pressure do not include any section dedicated to hypertension in children and adolescents or to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention strategies in that age group. Our study was aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in an adolescent sample. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17years (n=630), conducted from October 2014 to February 2015 in four schools in Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Sociodemographic variables: age, sex, personal and family history of hypertension and diabetes (DM). Anthropometric variables: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC, cm), waist/height index (WHI), blood pressure (mmHg). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 295 female and 335 male adolescents (mean age: 13.8±1.4). CVR-related conditions: hypercholesterolemia (7.1%), CVD (1.7%), hypertension (0.8%) and diabetes (0.3%). BMI (22.0±3,8) was higher in males (22.4±3.8 vs. 21.0±3.2; P<.01). Overweight was greater in females (27.6% vs. 19.7%; P<.05). Seven percent of subjects were obese, 63.8% had systolic BP >P90 and 23.7% had diastolic BP >P90. Waist circumference positively correlated with age (r=0.1669; P<.0001) and was greater in males (75.4±10.9 vs. 72.9±8.9; P<0.01); 27.1% of adolescents had a waist circumference >P75, and 7.5% >P90. Eighty-four (13.3%) adolescents had two CVRFs (overweight+another). CONCLUSIONS: Despite their young age, more than 10% of school children had two CVRFs. Abnormal SBP levels were seen in more than 50%, 20% were overweight, and only 75% had normal waist circumference values.