ABSTRACT
Los estudios de las diferencias de género en la demanda de deportes por televisión son poco frecuentes, aunque apuntan a un predominio de la audiencia masculina, particularmente motivada por la competitividad y la incertidumbre del resultado. Este artículo incorpora el caso español a este debate, estudiando las audiencias de hombres y mujeres de la Vuelta Ciclista a España 2015. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de regresión múltiple que considera como variables explicativas las características propias de la carrera y la oferta televisiva alternativa. Los principales resultados obtenidos corroboran la evidencia internacional: la audiencia masculina crece cuando aumenta la competitividad de la carrera y se reduce con la emisión de publicidad. Sin embargo, el comportamiento de la audiencia femenina es menos especializado. En cuanto a la programación alternativa, la emisión de películas de cine o series españolas es la que más desanima el seguimiento del ciclismo entre las mujeres (AU)
A dominance of male audience, more interested in competitiveness and uncertainty of the result, can be observed among the scarce research of gender differences on the demand of sports on TV. Our paper contributes to this research topic analyzing male and female audiences of the Vuelta Ciclista a España 2015. We conduct a multiple regression analysis including alternative TV scheduling and the main characteristics of the race as independent variables. Our main outcomes support previous international empirical evidence: the male audience increases with competitiveness of the race and decreased with the broadcasting of commercials. At the same time, the female audience is less specialized and decreases when the TV alternative scheduling includes movies or Spanish series (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Gender and Health , Gender Identity , Interpersonal Relations , Bicycling/education , Bicycling/psychology , Bicycling/standards , Sports/physiology , Sports/psychology , Sports/standards , Television/trends , Television , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe primary care and hospital emergency utilization rates in Asturias health districts from 1994 to 2001 and to analyse their variability. METHODS: Hospital and primary care rates from 1994 to 2001 in the 8 Asturias health districts were estimated. Their variability was analysed using indirect standardisation and small area variation statistics. RESULTS: Almost 6.5 million of emergencies (hospitals: 43.8%) were attended in Asturias from 1994 to 2001. The average annual growth was 6.2% (primary care: 7.8%; hospitals: 5.1%) with differences among districts. Primary care variability was higher (variation coefficient: 0.38 and 0.27 in 1994 and 2001) than hospital variability (variation coefficient: 0.14 and 0.11) and it decreased in the period. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency Health Services utilization growth between 1994 and 2001, with strong variability among health districts.
Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care , Catchment Area, Health , Humans , SpainABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de utilización de los servicios de urgencias en las áreas sanitarias de Asturias desde 1994 a 2001 y analizar su variabilidad. Métodos: Se estimó la demanda de urgencias hospitalarias y de atención primaria en las 8 áreas sanitarias de Asturias, y se analizó su evolución y las diferencias entre áreas, usando la estandarización indirecta y estadísticos de variabilidad. Resultados: Entre 1994 y 2001 se realizaron casi 6,5 millones de urgencias (un 43,8% en hospitales), con un crecimiento medio anual del 6,2% (un 7,8% en atención primaria y un 5,1% en hospitales) con gran heterogeneidad entre áreas. La variabilidad fue mayor en atención primaria y disminuyó en el período estudiado (coeficientes de variación: 0,38 y 0,27 para 1994 y 2001 en atención primaria, y 0,14 y 0,11 en hospitales, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La utilización de las urgencias creció en el período estudiado y se observa una gran variabilidad entre áreas sanitarias
Objective: To describe primary care and hospital emergency utilization rates in Asturias health districts from 1994 to 2001 and to analyse their variability. Methods: Hospital and primary care rates from 1994 to 2001 in the 8 Asturias health districts were estimated. Their variability was analysed using indirect standardisation and small area variation statistics. Results: Almost 6.5 million of emergencies (hospitals: 43.8%) were attended in Asturias from 1994 to 2001. The average annual growth was 6.2% (primary care: 7.8%; hospitals: 5.1%) with differences among districts. Primary care variability was higher (variation coefficient: 0.38 and 0.27 in 1994 and 2001) than hospital variability (variation coefficient: 0.14 and 0.11) and it decreased in the period. Conclusions: Emergency Health Services utilization growth between 1994 and 2001, with strong variability among health districts
