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1.
Bol. pediatr ; 63(264): 123-126, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230682

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El diagnóstico del síndrome del espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral (OAVS) se basa en los hallazgos fenotípicos al nacimiento. Presentamos este caso por su peculiar presentación clínica y su escasa frecuencia. Caso clínico. Recién nacido prematuro tardío con diagnóstico prenatal de cefalocele atrético que ingresa en la Unidad de Neonatología. A su llegada a la Unidad, se observan mamelones preauriculares bilaterales con posible fístula, aparente estenosis de los conductos auditivos externos, hipertelorismo, micrognatia, y un dermoide limbar en el ojo derecho. Se realiza resonancia magnética cerebral, que confirma el cefalocele atrético (no comunicante con el parénquima cerebral), con restos meníngeos y tejido neural degenerado en su interior, siendo intervenido con éxito a la semana de vida. Por otro lado, se amplían estudios radiológicos objetivando asimetría y estenosis de ambos conductos auditivos externos, conducto auditivo interno derecho doble y severa hipoplasia de las ramas ascendentes de la mandíbula que condicionan una importante micrognatia. El fenotipo del paciente junto con los hallazgos radiológicos, son compatibles con un OAVS. Comentarios. Resulta interesante el caso por la peculiar presentación clínica, ya que en la literatura consultada no hay ningún caso publicado con la particularidad de nuestro paciente, un cefalocele atrético. El OAVS constituye una entidad congénita poco frecuente, caracterizada por la asociación de anomalías oculares, auriculares, mandibulares y vertebrales, y cuya etiología permanece desconocida, presentando un diagnóstico clínico, según los criterios de Feingold y Baum. Su pronóstico y tratamiento es variable, en función de las manifestaciones acompañantes (AU)


Introduction. The diagnosis of oculus atrial vertebral spectrum syndrome (OAVS) is based on phenotypic findings at birth. We present this case because of its peculiar clinical presentation and its low frequency. Clinical case. Late preterm newborn with prenatal diagnosis of atretic cephalocele cephalocele admitted to the Neonatology Unit. Upon arrival at the Unit, bilateral preauricular mamelons with possible fistula, apparent stenosis of the external auditory canals, hypertelorism, micrognathia, and a limbar dermoid in the right eye were observed. Brain MRI is performed, which confirms atretic cephalocele (not communicating with the cerebral parenchyma), with meningeal remains and degenerated neural tissue inside, being successfully operated on in the first week of life. On the other hand, radiological studies are expanded aiming at asymmetry and stenosis of both external auditory canals, double right internal auditory canal and severe hypoplasia of the ascending branches of the jaw that condition an important micrognathia. The patient’s phenotype, along with radiological findings, are compatible with OAVS. Comments. The case is interesting because of the peculiar clinical presentation, since in the literature consulted, there is no published case with the particularity of our patient, an atretic cephalocele. OAVS is a rare congenital entity, characterized by the association of ocular, auricular, mandibular and vertebral anomalies, and whose etiology remains unknown, presenting a clinical diagnosis, according to the criteria of Feigold and Baum. Its prognosis and treatment is variable, depending on the accompanying manifestations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Goldenhar Syndrome/diagnosis , Micrognathism/diagnosis
2.
Bol. pediatr ; 57(242): 302-306, 2017. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-172063

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El estreptococo del grupo B (EGB) es uno de los principales gérmenes implicados en la sepsis neonatal. La infección tardía por EGB es poco frecuente, tiene lugar entre los 8 y 90 días de edad y suele manifestarse como sepsis/bacteriemia con una alta tasa de meningitis asociada. Otras formas de presentación menos habituales son las mucocutáneas, tipo adenitis-celulitis, que pueden ser la única manifestación de un proceso infeccioso sistémico. A diferencia de las formas precoces, relacionadas con la colonización vagino-rectal materna, en las tardías es más difícil establecer el mecanismo de transmisión y es por ello que no se ha modificado su incidencia con la implementación de los protocolos de profilaxis antibiótica intraparto (PAI). Resultados. Se presentan 2 casos. El primero se trata de un varón de 11 días de vida con sepsis y meningitis por EGB. Como antecedente de interés destaca que su madre era portadora de EGB, había recibido PAI completa y que presentaba mastitis en el momento del ingreso del paciente. Evolucionó de forma satisfactoria salvo por la aparición de un higroma residual secundario a la meningitis. El segundo caso debutó a los 21 días de vida como adenitis cervical con elevación de reactantes de fase aguda y pruebas microbiológicas negativas; se trató con antibioterapia de amplio espectro y recidivó un mes después con aislamiento de EGB en el hemocultivo. La madre, portadora de EGB, también había recibido PAI completa. Conclusiones. Presentamos dos casos de infección tardía por EGB por sus particularidades clínicas, haciendo énfasis en que, si bien la implementación de los protocolos de PAI ha reducido de forma muy significativa las formas de infección precoz por EGB, esto no ha sido así en las formas tardías, siendo todavía este germen una causa frecuente de infección grave en niños menores de 3 meses


Introduction. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the major germs involved in neonatal sepsis. Late-onset GBS infection is uncommon, occurring between 8 and 90 days of age and it manifests as bacteremia with a high rate of concurrent meningitis. Other less common forms of presentation are mucocutaneous, adenitis-cellulitis type, which may be the only manifestation of a systemic infection. Unlike early onset infections, related to maternal GBS colonization, in the late onset ones it is more difficult to establish the mechanism of transmission and therefore, their incidence has not been modified after the implementation of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) protocols. Results. The first case is an 11-day-old male with GBS sepsis and meningitis. As a background, maternal GBS colonization was treated with a complete IAP and mastitis was present at the time of patient admission. The progress was satisfactory, except for the appearance of a residual subdural hygroma as a consequence of meningitis. The second case debuted at 21 days of life with cervical adenitis, which regardless of being treated, relapsed a month later with GBS positive blood culture. The mother, who had GBS, had also received complete IAP. Conclusions. We present two cases of late-onset GBS infection due to their clinical singularities, highlighting that although the implementation of IAP protocols has significantly reduced the early-onset forms of GBS infection, this has not been the case in the late-onset ones, remaining GBS as a frequent cause of severe infection in neonates and children younger than 3 months


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Streptococcus agalactiae/pathogenicity , Neonatal Sepsis/complications , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Infections/complications , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Megalencephaly/complications , Megalencephaly/diagnostic imaging
3.
Bol. pediatr ; 56(236): 157-166, 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155806

ABSTRACT

Introducción; La seguridad de la hipotermia moderada activa (HMA) en la encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) junto con los resultados esperanzadores sobre el pronóstico neurológico ha contribuido a la proliferación de centros donde se oferta esta técnica. Objetivos: Evaluar la experiencia inicial en la implantación de un nuevo programa de HMA: condiciones en las que llegan los neonatos al hospital de referencia, dificultades para llevar a cabo este tratamiento y seguridad de esta intervención. Población: Estudio observacional de una cohorte de pacientes formada por los 15 neonatos nacidos en nuestro hospital o remitidos desde otros centros sanitarios tras presentar una EHI moderada-severa entre el 1 de julio de 2012 y el 1 de enero de 2015. Resultados:. El 60% de los neonatos procedía de otros hospitales de la provincia. Todos requirieron una reanimación avanzada (duración: 10-50 minutos). Se registró el inicio de la hipotermia pasiva en el 73,3% de los casos. En el 40% se esperó, al menos, 6 horas para iniciar HMA. Al ingreso en UCIN: 33,3% presentaron temperatura dentro del rango considerado adecuado y 20% temperatura < 33°C, el 80% ventilación mecánica (40% con FiO2 > 40%), 60% hipotensión arterial, 33,3% glucemia < 60 mg/dl. Todos los neonatos tuvieron clínica multisistémica y 53,3% convulsiones. El 35,7% presentaron algún tipo de alteración en su desarrollo neurológico y la mortalidad fue del 6,6%. Conclusiones: El manejo de los neonatos asfícticos es mejorable optimizando la formación del personal que asiste y traslada a estos pacientes. Con el debido entrenamiento, la HMA ha demostrado ser una técnica segura


Introduction: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) as the standard therapy in neonates with neurological injury because of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), provides safe and encouraging results. Because of this, many centers where this technique is offered have multiplied in recent years. Objective: To evaluate the initial experience in the implementation of a new TH program: clinical conditions of newborns once they arrive at referring hospitals, difficulties to start this treatment and safety of this intervention. Material and methods: Observational study of a cohort of patients formed by 15 neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia due to moderate or severe HIE in our hospital between July 1, 2012 and January 1, 2015. Results: 60% of the patients came from other hospitals. All of them required advanced resuscitation (from 10 to 50 minutes). The time when passive hypothermia started were recorded in 73.3% of the patients and in 40% were expected at least six hours to start TH. At the admission to neona tal intensive care unit (NICU): only 33.3% of infants were within the target temperature range at arrival and in 20% a temperature lower than 33°C were registered, 80% were in mechanical ventilation (40% with FiO2 > 40%). In 60% of the sample arterial hypothension were recorded and 33,3% of the infants had blood glucose less than 60 mg/dl. The whole sample had multisystemic symptoms and 53,3% had seizures. Had any alteration in their neurological development 35.7% and 6.6% of the neonates died. Conclusions: The management of neonatal asphyxia can be improved by optimizing the training of the staff who attends these neonates and the transport teams who transfer the newborn to the referral hospitals. With the proper training, TH has proven to be a safe technique


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Neuroprotection , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Patient Transfer/methods
4.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 81(4): 251-255, oct. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-128770

ABSTRACT

La encefalopatía hiperamoniémica inducida por ácido valproico (EHV) es una entidad grave e inusual. Para su diagnóstico, precisa un elevado índice de sospecha, pues resulta reversible con la retirada del fármaco y el tratamiento precoz de la hiperamoniemia. Presentamos el caso de un neonato tratado con valproico (AV) por convulsiones refractarias, que desarrolló una EHV grave que revirtió con la retirada del AV y el tratamiento con ácido carglúmico, junto con otras medidas para control de la hiperamoniemia


Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE) is an unusual and serious complication of valproate (VA) treatment. When an early diagnosis is made, it can be reversed with VA withdrawal and early treatment for hyperammonemia. We describe the case of a 20 days old male, who developed a serious VHE after receiving VA for refractory neonatal seizures. The VHE was resolved with VA withdrawal in association with carglumic acid and other measures for hyperammonemia treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Brain Diseases/chemically induced , Brain Diseases/complications , Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain Diseases/therapy , Valproic Acid/adverse effects , Valproic Acid/toxicity , Seizures/pathology , Seizures/prevention & control , Seizures/therapy , Phenobarbital/therapeutic use , Phenytoin/therapeutic use , Hematoma, Subdural/pathology , Hematoma, Subdural/therapy , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Glutamic Acid/toxicity , Carnitine/deficiency
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 80(3): 159-164, mar. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-119863

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer la viabilidad de prematuros de 22-25 semanas gestacionales en nuestro centro durante últimos 10 años. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Neonatos nacidos en nuestro hospital entre 1-1-2002 y 31-12-2011, de 22 a 25 semanas gestacionales. RESULTADOS: De 121 neonatos, 45 (37%) eran mortinatos y 76 (63%) nacidos vivos (16 fallecieron en partos y 60 ingresaron en cuidados intensivos neonatales). De los 60 ingresados, 34 fallecieron antes del alta y 26 sobrevivieron (21% del total, 34% de nacidos vivos y 43% de ingresados en cuidados intensivos neonatales). Causas de fallecimiento: 16, limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en partos; 8, limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en neonatología; 7, sepsis nosocomiales; 7, enterocolitis necrosantes; 4, problemas respiratorios, y 8, causa desconocida. No sobrevivió ningún menor de 24 semanas. De los 26 supervivientes, 4 presentaron alteraciones neurológicas importantes y 11, normalidad neurológica aparente. No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a mortalidad entre los 2 quinquenios analizados. CONCLUSIONES: La periviabilidad presenta importantes problemas clínicos y éticos a los neonatólogos


AIM: To determine the preterm viability between 22 and 25 gestational weeks in our hospital in last 10 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on preterms between22-25 gestational weeks born between 1-1-2002 and 12-31-2011. RESULTS: There were 121 newborns, 45 (37%) stillbirths and 76 (63%) live births (16 died indelivery room, and 60 admitted to neonatal intensive unit). Among the 60 admitted, 34 died before hospital discharge, and 26 survived (21% of total, 34% of live births and 43% of those admitted to neonatal intensive unit). The causes of death were: 16 therapeutic effort limitation in delivery room, 8 therapeutic effort limitation in neonatal ward, 7 nosocomial sepsis, 7 NEC,4 respiratory problems, and 8 of unknown cause. There were no survivors below 24 gestational weeks. Of the 26 survivors, 4 had major neurological disorders, and 11 with a normal neurological outcome. No significant statistical differences were found in the mortality between the two five-year periods analysed. CONCLUSIONS: The peri-viability has important clinical and ethical problems for neonatologist


Subject(s)
Humans , Fetal Viability , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Survival Analysis , Gestational Age , Infant, Extremely Premature , Risk Factors
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 81(4): 251-5, 2014 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24315420

ABSTRACT

Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE) is an unusual and serious complication of valproate (VA) treatment. When an early diagnosis is made, it can be reversed with VA withdrawal and early treatment for hyperammonemia. We describe the case of a 20 days old male, who developed a serious VHE after receiving VA for refractory neonatal seizures. The VHE was resolved with VA withdrawal in association with carglumic acid and other measures for hyperammonemia treatment.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Glutamates/therapeutic use , Hyperammonemia/chemically induced , Hyperammonemia/drug therapy , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/drug therapy , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology , Valproic Acid/adverse effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Seizures/drug therapy
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 80(3): 159-64, 2014 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23849833

ABSTRACT

AIM: To determine the preterm viability between 22 and 25 gestational weeks in our hospital in last 10 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on preterms between 22-25 gestational weeks born between 1-1-2002 and 12-31-2011. RESULTS: There were 121 newborns, 45 (37%) stillbirths and 76 (63%) live births (16 died in delivery room, and 60 admitted to neonatal intensive unit). Among the 60 admitted, 34 died before hospital discharge, and 26 survived (21% of total, 34% of live births and 43% of those admitted to neonatal intensive unit). The causes of death were: 16 therapeutic effort limitation in delivery room, 8 therapeutic effort limitation in neonatal ward, 7 nosocomial sepsis, 7 NEC, 4 respiratory problems, and 8 of unknown cause. There were no survivors below 24 gestational weeks. Of the 26 survivors, 4 had major neurological disorders, and 11 with a normal neurological outcome. No significant statistical differences were found in the mortality between the two five-year periods analysed. CONCLUSIONS: The peri-viability has important clinical and ethical problems for neonatologist.


Subject(s)
Fetal Viability , Infant Mortality , Female , Gestational Age , Hospitals , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Time Factors
8.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 68(1): 13-18, ene. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-85908

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Se pretende evaluar la efectividad de palivizumab para prevenir ingresos por el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) cuando es administrado a ex prematuros de 321 a 350 semanas de gestación, con menos de 6 meses de edad al inicio de la estación VRS y que presenten alguna de las combinaciones de factores de riesgo de ingreso por VRS. Pacientes y métodos: Se ha utilizado la base de datos del estudio FLIP-2, excluyendo los niños sin ningún factor de riesgo. Se estudió a 627 niños tratados con palivizumab y 4.092 que no lo recibieron. Las agrupaciones de factores de riesgo combinaron dos «factores mayores» (edad cronológica inferior a 10 semanas al inicio de la estación o haber nacido en las 10primeras semanas de la estación; hermano mayor que fuera a la escuela o asistencia a la guardería) y dos «factores menores» (gestante fumadora; sexo varón). Se han calculado los diferentes riesgos absoluto y relativo y el número de pacientes que es necesario tratar (NNT) para cada combinación de factores de riesgo. Resultados: En cada combinación se encuentra un menor peso y una menor edad gestacional altamente significativos (p <0,001) en los niños tratados con palivizumab. En la combinación«2 factores mayores» se encuentra el menor NNT (13,5), y si se añade la combinación «1 factor mayor + 2 factores menores», el NNT alcanza un valor de 15,1. La combinación que sólo exige la presencia de un factor mayor o menor corresponde al estudio global. Ingresaron 186 (4,55%) no tratados con palivizumab y 9 (1,44%) de los tratados (p <0,001; NNT= 32,2). Conclusiones: En los ex prematuros de 321 a 350 semanas, con una edad cronológica inferior a 10 semanas al inicio de la estación VRS o que hayan nacido en las 10 primeras semanas de la estación, y con un hermano mayor que vaya a la escuela o asista a la guardería, para prevenir un ingreso VRS habría que administrar palivizumab a 14 de ellos (AU)


Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of palivizumab to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection when administered to former preterm infants321 to 350 weeks’ gestation aged less than 6 months at the beginning of RSV season using any of the possible combinations of known risk factors for RSV hospitalization. Patients and methods: Data were retrieved from the FLIP-2study database. Infants without risk factors were excluded. The database included 627 infants who received palivizumab and 4,092 who did not. Seven accumulative subgroups were established according to the combinations of risk factors combining two “major factors” (chronological age less than10 weeks at the beginning of RSV season or being born during the first10 weeks of the season; school-age siblings or daycare attendance)and two “minor factors” (mother smoking during pregnancy; male gender). Absolute risk, relative risk, and number needed to treat (NNT) were obtained for each subgroup. Results: In each subgroup, birth weight and gestational age were significantly lower in palivizumab treated infants. The combination “2 major factors” showed a NNT of [13.5], and when merged with “1 major factor or 2 minor factors” the NNT reached 15.1. Combination requesting only one risk factor either major or minor corresponded by design to the global study.186 patients of the treated group (4.55%) and 9 patients of the non-treated group (1.44%) were admitted to the hospital, of the treated (p <0.001; NNT of 32.2).Conclusion: In former preterm infants 321 to 350 weeks’ gestation with chronological age less than10 weeks at the beginning of RSV season (or being born during the first 10 weeks of the season) and with school-age siblings or daycare attendance,14 should be treated with palivizumab to prevent one RSV hospitalization (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/classification , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Obstetric Labor, Premature/physiopathology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/prevention & control , Bronchiolitis/complications , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/therapy
9.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 71(1): 47-53, jul. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-72526

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se pretende evaluar los valores predictivos de ingreso por el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) de diferentes asociaciones de factores de riesgo en prematuros españoles de 32 a 35 semanas de gestación atendidos en 2 estaciones de VRS consecutivas. Pacientes y métodos: Se utilizó la base de datos del estudio FLIP-2. Se excluyó a los niños que recibieron palivizumab profiláctico. Se estudiaron 193 ingresos de VRS positivo y 4.568 niños no ingresados. Los factores de riesgo analizados fueron la edad cronológica inferior a 10 semanas al inicio de la estación o haber nacido en las 10 primeras semanas de la estación, hermano mayor que fuera a la escuela o asistiera a la guardería, madre fumadora durante la gestación, sexo varón, lactancia materna ausente durante 2 meses o menos, 4 o más adultos en casa, sibilancias en padres o hermanos, ser pequeño para la edad gestacional y 2 o más fumadores en casa. Resultados: El modelo de regresión logística incluyó los 4 primeros factores citados como variables independientemente significativas, con un coeficiente de determinación de 0,062 y un área bajo la curva de 0,687 (p<0,001). Los valores predictivos de ingreso de VRS positivo para un niño con los 4 factores de riesgo fueron los siguientes: el 6,2% de sensibilidad, el 98,6% de especificidad, el 16,2% de valor predictivo positivo, el 96,1% de valor predictivo negativo, el 94,9% de exactitud, un cociente de probabilidad positivo (CP+) de 4,581 y un cociente de probabilidad negativo de 0,951. El CP+ para un niño con los 2 factores mayores de riesgo es de 2,657. Conclusiones: La utilidad predictiva de ingreso de VRS positivo según la presencia de diferentes factores de riesgo en prematuros españoles de 32 a 35 semanas de gestación es escasa, aunque similar a otros modelos existentes (AU)


Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk factor associations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization in preterm infants from 32 to 35 weeks gestation, treated during two consecutive RSV seasons in Spain. Patients and methods: A database (FLIP-2) was used after excluding the infants who received prophylactic palivizumab. A total of 193 RSV+ admissions and 4568 non-hospitalized children were studied. The risk factors analyzed were: chronological age <=10 weeks at start of RSV season or to be born during the first 10 weeks of the season; school-age siblings or daycare attendance; mother smoking during pregnancy; male gender; breastfeeding <=2 months; >=4 adults at home; history of wheezing; small for gestational age; >=2 smokers at home. Results: Logistic regression model included the first four previously mentioned risk factors as independently significant variables, with R2 of 0.062 and area under curve of 0.687 (P<0.001). Predictive values for a child with the four risk factors were: sensitivity 6.2%, specificity 98.6%, predictive positive value 16.2%, negative predictive value 96.1%, accuracy 94.9%, positive likelihood ratio 4.581, and negative likelihood ratio 0.951. Positive likelihood ratio for a child with the two major risk factors is 2.657. Conclusions: Usefulness of different risk factor associations to predict hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants 32 to 35 weeks gestation in Spain is low, although similar to other models (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity , /complications , Predictive Value of Tests , Hospitalization , Infant, Premature , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
10.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 71(1): 47-53, 2009 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19524492

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk factor associations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization in preterm infants from 32 to 35 weeks gestation, treated during two consecutive RSV seasons in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A database (FLIP-2) was used after excluding the infants who received prophylactic palivizumab. A total of 193 RSV+ admissions and 4568 non-hospitalized children were studied. The risk factors analyzed were: chronological age <=10 weeks at start of RSV season or to be born during the first 10 weeks of the season; school-age siblings or daycare attendance; mother smoking during pregnancy; male gender; breastfeeding <=2 months; >=4 adults at home; history of wheezing; small for gestational age; >=2 smokers at home. RESULTS: Logistic regression model included the first four previously mentioned risk factors as independently significant variables, with R(2) of 0.062 and area under curve of 0.687 (P<0.001). Predictive values for a child with the four risk factors were: sensitivity 6.2%, specificity 98.6%, predictive positive value 16.2%, negative predictive value 96.1%, accuracy 94.9%, positive likelihood ratio 4.581, and negative likelihood ratio 0.951. Positive likelihood ratio for a child with the two major risk factors is 2.657. CONCLUSIONS: Usefulness of different risk factor associations to predict hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants 32 to 35 weeks gestation in Spain is low, although similar to other models.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Female , Forecasting , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Risk Factors , Spain
11.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(3): 216-224, mayo-jun. 2009. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-89323

ABSTRACT

Se determina el contenido de selenio en leche humana y en fórmulas lácteas comerciales utilizando una metodología adecuada (espectrometría de masas con fuente de plasma “ICP-MS” al que se incorpora una celda de colisión para eliminar las interferencias poliatómicas “ICP-(ORC)MS”). Se comprueba que el selenio disminuye con el tiempo transcurrido desde el parto en la leche humana de madres con gestación inferior a 37 semanas y que es insuficiente para cubrir los requerimientos de este oligoelemento. Como la biodisponibilidad del selenio varía en relación a las moléculas a las que su une (especies), se utiliza una técnica híbrida (acoplamiento de una columna de cromatolografía de alta resolución “SEC” al espectrómetro de masas con fuente de plasma y celda de colisión “SEC-ICP-(ORC) MS” para conocer las especies existentes en leche humana y en fórmulas lácteas comerciales. Con esta técnica se comprueba que las distintas especies en la leche humana, no varían de forma significativa ni en relación al tiempo transcurrido desde el parto ni en relación a la duración de la gestación. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la especiación de selenio en leche de madres con parto pretérmino (antes de las 37 semanas de gestación) y en fórmulas lácteas comerciales para el recién nacido prematuro. Por último se postula la necesidad de verificar la biodisponiblidad de las diferentes especies de selenio, para así, proponer la más adecuada en la suplementación de fórmulas lácteas comerciales (AU)


The selenium content in human milk and in comercial formulae is measured using an appropriate methodology (mass spectrometry with plasma source, “ICP-MC”) to which a colision cell is added in order to eliminate polyatomic interferences “ICP-(ORC)MS”). It was verified that selenium decrease according to the time from delivery in the human milk of the mother with a pregnancy of less than 37 weeks and Is insufficient to cover the requirements of this oligoelement. As the bioavailability of selenium varies in relationship to the molecules to which it is bond (species),, a hybrid technique (high resolution chromatography column coupling “SEC” to the mass spectrometer with plasma source and collision cell “SEC-ICP-(ORC)MS”) to know the species existing in the human milk and in commercial lactic acid formulae. It ahs been verified with this technique that there is no significant variation regarding the time from delivery or the relationship to the duration of the pregnancy in the different species of human milk. However, significant differences were found between the selenium speciation in the milk of mothers having preterm delivery (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) and in commercial lactic acid formulae for the premature newborn. Finally, the need to verify the bioavailability of the different selenium species has been postulated in order to propose the most adequate in the commercial lactic acid formulae supplementation (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Milk, Human/chemistry , Infant Formula/chemistry , Selenium/analysis , Breast-Milk Substitutes , Mass Spectrometry , Biological Availability
14.
Bol. pediatr ; 47(201): 284-291, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056541

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Recientemente se ha sugerido que la procalcitonina (PCT) tiene capacidad discriminativa en el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo multicéntrico es evaluar la utilidad de la PCT como marcador de sepsis neonatal de origen nosocomial. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron 100 neonatos con sospecha de sepsis nosocomial de entre 4 y 28 días de vida ingresados en los servicios de neonatología de 13 hospitales de tercer nivel de España durante un período de 1 año. Se midió la concentración de PCT mediante análisis inmunoluminométrico. Se calculó la eficacia diagnóstica de la PCT en el momento de la sospecha de infección, a las 12-24 h y a las 36-48 h. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 61 casos de sepsis nosocomial. Las concentraciones de PCT fueron superiores en los casos de sepsis nosocomial frente a los neonatos con sospecha de sepsis no confirmada. Los neonatos con sepsis por estafilococos coagulasa-negativos mostraron niveles de PCT más bajos que aquellos con sepsis nosocomial por otros agentes. Los puntos de corte óptimo para la PCT de acuerdo con las curvas ROC fueron 0,59 ng/mL en el momento de la sospecha de infección (sensibilidad 81,4%, especificidad 80,6%), 1,34 ng/mLa las 12-24 h (sensibilidad 73,7%, especificidad 80,6%) y 0,69 ng/mL a las 36-48 h (sensibilidad 86,5%, especificidad 72,7%) para el diagnóstico de sepsis de origen nosocomial. Conclusiones: La PCT mostró una moderada capacidad diagnóstica para la sepsis neonatal de origen nosocomial desde el momento de la sospecha de infección. Aunque por sí sola no sería suficientemente fiable, podría ser útil como parte de un chequeo de sepsis más completo (AU)


Background: It has recently been suggested that serum procalcitonin (PCT) is of value in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, with varying results. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to assess the usefulness of PCT as a marker of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin. Methods: One hundred infants aged between 4 and 28 days of life admitted to the Neonatology Services of 13 acutecare teaching hospitals in Spain over 1-year with clinical suspicion of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin were included in the study. Serum PCT concentrations were determined by a specific immunoluminometric assay. The reliability of PCT for the diagnosis of nosocomial neonatal sepsis at the time of suspicion of infection and at 12-24 h and 36-48 h after the onset of symptoms was calculated. Results: The diagnosis of nosocomial sepsis was confirmed in 61 neonates. Serum PCT concentrations were significantly higher at initial suspicion and at 12–24 h and 36- 48 h after the onset of symptoms in neonates with confirmed sepsis than in neonates with clinically suspected but not confirmed sepsis. Optimal PCT thresholds according to ROC curves were 0,59 ng/mL at the time of suspicion of sepsis (sensitivity 81,4%, specificity 80,6%); 1,34 ng/mL within 12-24 h of birth (sensitivity 73,7%, specificity 80,6%), and 0,69 ng/mL within 36-48 h of birth (sensitivity 86,5%, specificity 72,7%). Conclusions: Serum PCT concentrations showed a moderate diagnostic reliability for the detection of nosocomial neonatal sepsis from the time of suspicion of infection. PCT is not sufficiently reliable to be the sole marker of sepsis, but would be useful as part of a full sepsis evaluation (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Sepsis/complications , Sepsis/diagnosis , Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Calcitonin , Sensitivity and Specificity , Risk Factors , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/trends
15.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 60(3): 271-273, mar. 2004.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-29888

ABSTRACT

Hafnia alvei es un miembro de la familia Enterobacteriaceae raramente relacionado con procesos infecciosos en pediatría y, de manera excepcional, en el período neonatal. Produce infecciones fundamentalmente como germen oportunista. Los cuadros de bacteriemia se relacionan en su gran mayoría con enfermedades abdominales o inmunodepresión. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con sepsis neonatal nosocomial en pacientes prematuros, sin patología o cirugía abdominal previa, con hemocultivos positivos a H. alvei, tratados en nuestro centro en un corto espacio de tiempo (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Humans , Female , Cross Infection , Sepsis , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Hafnia alvei , Enterobacteriaceae Infections , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Treatment Outcome , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome , Immunoglobulin G , Aspirin
16.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 60(3): 271-3, 2004 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14987520

ABSTRACT

Hafnia alvei is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is rarely associated with infection in pediatric patients and exceptionally in the neonatal period. Infections caused by this organism are usually opportunistic. H. alvei bacteremias are mostly associated with abdominal disease or immunosuppression. We report four cases of nosocomial sepsis in preterm infants with positive blood cultures to H. alvei that were treated in our institution within a short period of time.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Enterobacteriaceae Infections , Hafnia alvei , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Sepsis , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Male , Sepsis/diagnosis
17.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 57(3): 249-252, sept. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-13073

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Jacobsen es una cromosomopatía infrecuente, causada por una deleción terminal del brazo largo del cromosoma 11. Los principales rasgos clínicos son el retraso psicomotor y del crecimiento, trigonocefalia y dismorfia facial característica, pero existen muchas alteraciones asociadas. Presentamos el caso de un neonato pretérmino con sospecha ecográfica prenatal de atresia duodenal. Al nacimiento presentaba rasgos craneofaciales típicos del síndrome de Jacobsen, equimosis y petequias generalizadas y pies zambos. En el hemograma se objetivó pancitopenia. La ecografía abdominal mostró agenesia renal izquierda y confirmó la atresia duodenal. La tomografía computarizada (TC) cerebral y el electroencefalograma (EEG) fueron normales, así como el estudio cardiológico. En la intervención quirúrgica de la atresia duodenal se observó la presencia de un páncreas anular. El cariotipo fue 46, XY, del (11)(q23.2 qter), con lo cual se confirmó el diagnóstico de síndrome de Jacobsen. Los distintos rasgos clínicos asociados al síndrome de Jacobsen se relacionan con el fragmento cromosómico delecionado. Nuestro paciente presenta atresia duodenal con páncreas anular, manifestación no descrita previamente en la bibliografía (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Chromosome Deletion , Syndrome , Pancreas , Pancytopenia , Psychomotor Disorders , Talipes , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 , Craniofacial Dysostosis , Duodenum , Infant, Premature , Kidney
18.
An Esp Pediatr ; 57(3): 249-52, 2002 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12199949

ABSTRACT

Jacobsen syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder due to terminal 11q deletion. Prominent features are growth and psychomotor retardation, trigonocephaly and a characteristic facial dysmorphism, but many different abnormalities have been reported. We present the case of a preterm male. Prenatal ultrasonography was suspicious for duodenal atresia. At birth, the boy presented the craniofacial features typical of Jacobsen syndrome, together with diffusely spread petechiae and talipes equinovarus. Hemogram revealed pancytopenia. Ultrasound examination showed left renal agenesis and confirmed the duodenal atresia. Cerebral computed tomography scan, electroencephalogram and cardiac studies showed no abnormalities. Annular pancreas was found during surgery to correct the duodenal atresia. The karyotype was 46,XY,del(11)(q23.2 --> qter), which confirmed Jacobsen syndrome.A wide spectrum of clinical features is described in Jacobsen syndrome, with phenotype-karyotype correlation. This is the first report of duodenal atresia and annular pancreas.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics , Duodenum/abnormalities , Pancreas/abnormalities , Clubfoot/complications , Clubfoot/genetics , Craniofacial Dysostosis/complications , Craniofacial Dysostosis/genetics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Kidney/abnormalities , Male , Pancytopenia/complications , Pancytopenia/genetics , Psychomotor Disorders/complications , Psychomotor Disorders/genetics , Syndrome
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