ABSTRACT
Introduction: The healthcare and well-being of the population depend on multiple factors and should adapt to societal changes. The opposite is also occurring; society has evolved concerning the individuals' approach to their care, which includes participation in decision-making processes. In this scenario, health promotion and prevention become crucial to provide an integrated perspective in the organization and management of the health systems.Health status and well-being depend on many aspects, determinants of health, which in turn may be modulated by individual behavior. Certain models and frameworks try to study the determinants of health and individual human behaviors, separately. However, the interrelation between these two aspects has not been examined in our population.Our main objective is to analyze whether personal aptitudes related to behaviors are independently associated with the incidence of morbidity. A secondary objective will enquire whether these personal aptitudes are independently associated with lower all-cause mortality, enhanced adoption of healthy lifestyles, higher quality of life, and lower utilization of health services during follow-up. Methods: This protocol addresses the quantitative branch of a multicenter project (10 teams) for the creation of a cohort of at least 3,083 persons aged 35 to 74 years from 9 Autonomous Communities (AACC). The personal variables to evaluate are self-efficacy, activation, health literacy, resilience, locus of control, and personality traits. Socio-demographic covariates and social capital will be recorded. A physical examination, blood analysis, and cognitive evaluation will be carried out.Several sets of six Cox models (one for each independent variable) will analyze the incidence of morbidity (objective 1); all-cause mortality and the rest of the dependent variables (objective 2). The models will be adjusted for the indicated covariates, and random effects will estimate Potential heterogeneity between AACC. Discussion: The analysis of the association of certain behavioral patterns and determinants of health is essential and will contribute to improving health promotion and prevention strategies. The description of the individual elements and interrelated aspects that modulate the onset and persistence of diseases will allow the evaluation of their role as prognostic factors and contribute to the development of patient-tailored preventive measures and healthcare.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04386135. Registered on April 30, 2020.
Subject(s)
Aptitude , Quality of Life , Humans , Prospective Studies , Life Style , Health Promotion/methods , Morbidity , Multicenter Studies as TopicABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Determine the prevalence of malnutrition in valid adults older than 75 years old in Xinzo (Spain), and study institutionalization as a possible risk factor of malnutrition. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of prevalence. SAMPLE: 311 people over 75 years. VARIABLES STUDIED: Age, gender, marital status, education level, institutionalization or not, nutritional status (MNA and anthropometric parameters), social support (Duke- Unc scale), Quality of life (Euro- Quol scale); associated diseases, swallowing problems, type of diet and medications. RESULTS: The median age was 82.55 years (SD: 4.83), 51.8% were women. The 52.7% were married, regarding the educational level, 76.8% had completed the primary education. The 17.4% were institutionalized. The median of pathologies was 3 (SD:1.42 and the number of drugs for individual was 4 (SD:2.44). The 54.70% lived with another family or partner. The median of quality of life was 6.84. According to the results of the MNA did not find any case of malnutrition, but a 20.3% of patients present values of risk. Multivariate analysis found relationship between the presence or not of malnutrition and the institutionalization OR = 0.403 (95% CI: 0.186-0.872), the number of pathologies OR = 1.301 (95% CI: 1.032-1.641), quality of life OR = 1.401 (95% CI: 1.145-1.716). CONCLUSION: Our valid elders are well nourished. The age, a good quality of life and a good support are protective factors. The risk of malnutrition is associated to a higher age, to institutionalization and to higher number of pathologies.
Determinar el estado nutricional de los ancianos de un área de salud rural y ver si la institucionalización es un factor de riesgo. Diseño del estudio: Estudio observacional descriptivo en SAP de Xinzo de Limia 3. Sujetos: El tamaño muestral fue de 311 pacientes mayores de 75 años, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. Mediciones: Edad, sexo, estado civil, nivel de estudios, institucionalización o no, estado nutricional: valorado mediante el cuestionario MNA y parámetros antropométricos; apoyo social: medido mediante la escala de Duke- Unc; Calidad de vida: con la escala Euro-Quol; patologías asociadas; trastornos de la deglución; tratamiento habitual: tipo de dieta, fármacos. Resultados principales: La mediana de edad era de 82,55 años (DT 4,83 años) y el 51,8% eran mujeres, el 52,7% estaba casado y el 76,8% referían estudios primarios. La mediana de patologías por individuo era del 3 (DT: 1,42) y del número de fármacos usados era de 4 (DT 2,44). El 54,70% vivía acompañado por su pareja u otro familiar. Estaban institucionalizados el 17,4%. La mediana de calidad de vida era de 6,84. Según los resultados del MNA no encontramos ningún caso de desnutrición, pero un 20.3% de los pacientes presentan valores de riesgo. En el análisis multivariante encontramos relación entre la presencia o no de desnutrición y la institucionalización OR = 0,40 (IC 95%, 0,18- 0,87), con el nº de patologías OR = 1,30 (IC 95%, 1,03-1,64), calidad de vida OR = 1,40 (IC 95%, 1,14-1,71). Conclusiones: Los pacientes ancianos validos estudiados presentan un buen estado nutricional. Los pacientes con riesgo de presentar desnutrición son un 20,3%, siendo la institucionalización, los mayores de 85 años con mayor número de patologías los que presentan mayor riesgo de desnutrición. La peor calidad de vida y el menor apoyo social influyen negativamente.
Subject(s)
Institutionalization , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patient safety is a leading item on the policy agenda of both major international health organizations and advanced countries generally. The quantitative description of the phenomena has given rise to intense concern with the issue in institutions and organizations, leading to a number of initiatives and research projects and the promotion of patient safety culture, with training becoming a priority both in Spain and internationally. To date, most studies have been conducted in a hospital setting, even though primary care is the type most commonly used by the public, in our experience. Our study aims to achieve the following:--Assess the registry of adverse events as an education tool to improve patient safety culture in the Family and Community Teaching Units of Galicia.--Find and analyze educational tools to improve patient safety culture in primary care.--Evaluate the applicability of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Spanish version, in the context of primary health care. DESIGN: Experimental unifactorial study of two groups, control and intervention. STUDY POPULATION: Tutors and residents in Family and Community Medicine in last year of studies in Galicia, Spain. SAMPLE: From the population universe through voluntary participation. Twenty-seven tutor-resident units in each group required, randomly assigned. INTERVENTION: Residents and their respective tutor (tutor-resident pair) in teaching units on Family and Community Medicine from throughout Galicia will be invited to participate. Tutor-resident pair that agrees to participate will be sent the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Then, tutor-resident pair will be assigned to each group--either intervention or control--through simple random sampling. The intervention group will receive specific training to record the adverse effects found in patients under their care, with subsequent feedback, after receiving instruction on the process. No action will be taken in the control group. After the intervention has ended, the survey will once again be provided to all participants. OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in safety culture as measured by Hospital Survey on Patient Safety CultureCONSORT Extension for Non-Pharmacologic Treatments 2008 was applied. DISCUSSION: The most significant limitations on the project are related to selecting a tool to measure the safety environment, the training calendar of residents in Family and Community Medicine in last year of studies and the no-answer bias inherent to research conducted through self-administered surveys.The development and application of a safety culture in the health sector, specifically in primary care, is as yet limited. Thus, identifying the strengths and weaknesses in the safety environment may assist in designing strategies for improvement in the primary care health centers of our region. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: ISRCTN41911128.
