[Risk factors related to functionality and quality of life in people over 65 years of age with hip fracture.] / Factores de riesgo relacionados con la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida en mayores de 65 años con fractura de cadera.

OBJECTIVE: Hip fracture (HF) in the elderly carries high mortality and decreases functionality and quality of life after one year. The aim of this paper was to identify risk factors that influenced functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EQ-5D) of the elderly with osteoporotic HF. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in people over 65 years of age with HF between October 2017 and November 2018. Clinical information was collected from the digital medical record and the scales were measured by telephone at four times: baseline, one month, six months and twelve months. Statistical analysis was made thanks to SPSS vs 25.0. Multivariate analysis was performed using a generalized linear model for repeated measures to determine the relationship of risk factors with functionality and quality of life. RESULTS: Functionality showed significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline measurement and one month (90 points vs 50); baseline and at twelve months (90 vs 60 points); and that of the month and at twelve months (50 points vs 60). Quality of life also presented significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline and one month (0.587 vs 0.113); and baseline and twelve months (0.220). The functionality should be in transfused and with high surgical risk (p<0.05) and the quality of life will arrive in high surgical risk (p=0.017). Those older than 85 years were the ones who recovered the least after one year, as well as patients with delirium on admission and those who received transfusions. Patients with iron therapy recovered better at six months compared to those who did not and maintained this improvement at twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: Among the main risk factors are advanced age, male sex, transfused, high surgical risk, delirium on admission and malnutrition.

OBJETIVO: La fractura de cadera (FC) en mayores de 65 años conlleva alta mortalidad y una disminución de la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida al año. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo que influyeran en la funcionalidad (Barthel) y en la calidad de vida (EQ-5D) en mayores de 65 años con FC osteoporótica. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años con FC entre octubre de 2017 y noviembre de 2018. Desde la historia clínica digital se recogió la información clínica y telefónicamente se midieron las escalas en cuatro momentos: basal, un mes, seis meses y doce meses. El análisis estadístico se efectuó mediante el programa informático SPSS (versión 25.0). Se realizó análisis multivariante mediante un modelo lineal generalizado para medidas repetidas para determinar la relación de los factores de riesgo con la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: La funcionalidad presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre la medición basal y al mes (90 puntos frente a 50), la basal y a los doce meses (90 frente a 60 puntos), y la del mes y a los doce meses (50 puntos frente a 60). La calidad de vida también presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre el basal y al mes (0,587 frente a 0,113) y la basal y a los doce meses (0,220). La funcionalidad disminuyó en transfundidos y con riesgo quirúrgico alto (p<0,05) y la calidad de vida decreció en riesgo quirúrgico alto (p=0,017). Los mayores de 85 años fueron los que menos recuperaron al año, al igual que los pacientes con delirium al ingreso y los transfundidos. Los pacientes con ferroterapia se recuperaron mejor a los seis meses respecto a los que no y mantuvieron esta mejoría a los doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Entre los principales factores de riesgo están la edad avanzada, el sexo masculino, ser transfundidos, el riesgo quirúrgico alto, el delirium al ingreso y la desnutrición.

Factores de riesgo relacionadoscon la funcionalidad y la calidadde vida en mayores de 65 añoscon fractura de cadera / Risk factors related to functionality and quality of life in people over 65 years of age with hip fracture

FUNDAMENTOS: La fractura de cadera (FC) en mayores de 65 años conlleva alta mortalidad y una disminución de la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida al año. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores de riesgo que influyeran en la funcionalidad (Barthel) y en la calidad de vida (EQ-5D) en mayores de 65 años con FC osteoporótica. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años con FC entre octubre de 2017 y noviembre de 2018. Desde la historia clínica digital se recogió la información clínica y telefónicamente se midieron las escalas en cuatro momentos: basal, un mes, seis meses y doce meses. El análisis estadístico se efectuó mediante el programa informático SPSS (versión 25.0). Se realizó análisis multivariante mediante un modelo lineal generalizado para medidas repetidas para determinar la relación de los factores de riesgo con la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: La funcionalidad presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre la medición basal y al mes (90 puntos frente a 50), la basal y a los doce meses (90 frente a 60 puntos), y la del mes y a los doce meses (50 puntos frente a 60). La calidad de vida también presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) entre el basal y al mes (0,587 frente a 0,113) y la basal y a los doce meses (0,220). La funcionalidad disminuyó en transfundidos y con riesgo quirúrgico alto (p<0,05) y la calidad de vida decreció en riesgo quirúrgico alto (p=0,017). Los mayores de 85 años fueron los que menos recuperaron al año, al igual que los pacientes con delirium al ingreso y los transfundidos. Los pacientes con ferroterapia se recuperaron mejor a los seis meses respecto a los que no y mantuvieron esta mejoría a los doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Entre los principales factores de riesgo están la edad avanzada, el sexo masculino, ser transfundidos, el riesgo quirúrgico alto, el delirium al ingreso y la desnutrición.(AU)

BACKGROUND: Hip fracture (HF) in the elderly carries high mortality and decreases functionality and quality of life after one year. The aim of this paper was to identify risk factors that influenced functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EQ-5D) of the elderly with osteoporotic HF. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in people over 65 years of age with HF between October 2017 and November 2018. Clinical information was collected from the digital medical record and the scales were measured by telephone at four times: baseline, one month, six months and twelve months. Statistical analysis was made thanks to SPSS vs 25.0. Multivariate analysis was performed using a generalized linear model for repeated measures to determine the relationship of risk factors with functionality and quality of life. RESULTS: Functionality showed significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline measurement and one month (90 points vs 50); baseline and at twelve months (90 vs 60 points); and that of the month and at twelve months (50 points vs 60). Quality of life also presented significant differences (p<0.001) between baseline and one month (0.587 vs 0.113); and baseline and twelve months (0.220). The functionality should be in transfused and with high surgical risk (p<0.05) and the quality of life will arrive in high surgical risk (p=0.017). Those older than 85 years were the ones who recovered the least after one year, as well as patients with delirium on admission and those who received transfusions. Patients with iron therapy recovered better at six months compared to those who did not and maintained this improvement at twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: Among the main risk factors are advanced age, male sex, transfused, high surgical risk, delirium on admission and malnutrition.(AU)

[Influence of early hip fracture surgery in the elderly on mortality, readmissions, dependence and quality of life.] / Influencia de la cirugía precoz de la fractura de cadera en ancianos en la mortalidad, los reingresos, la dependencia y la calidad de vida.

OBJECTIVE: In spite of technical advances, hip fracture causes high mortality in the elderly. We wanted to know early surgery influence to mortality during admission, one year and after five years, as well as readmissions at one month and one year. We also wanted to know how dependence and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) evolved in the twelve months of follow-up and what factors were associated with poor patient evolution. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in patients over 65 years of age treated for osteoporotic hip fracture in a level III hospital between 2010- 2012, with consecutive sampling. We evaluated functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D) basal (before fracture), within 30 days, within six and twelve months; readmissions within the 30 days and within one year; and mortality during admission; within one and five years. We used the statistical program SPSS Version 25.0 for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: We followed 327 patients of 82.9 (SD: 6.9) years of means, 258 (78.9%) were women. Fifty-four (45.9%) were treated within 24 hours and 237 (72.5%) within 48 hours. They returned 14 (4.3%) within the 30 days and 44 (13.5%) within the one year. There were 8 deaths during admission (2.4%) and 61 (19.2%) in the first year and 185 (54,6%) within five years. The pre-fracture quality of life was 0.43 median (0.24-0.74), at the month 0.15 (0.07-0.28), at six months 0.26 (0, 13-0.59) and at twelve 0.24 (0.15-0.58). The previous functionality was 85.0 (55.0-100) at the month 35.0 (20.0-60.0) and 60.0 (25.0-85.0) at six and twelve months. There were significant differences between all visits except between six and twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: The patients get worse significantly at the month of surgery and recover in the six months, remaining at twelve, without reaching the baseline value. The results in mortality and readmissions per year are worse for men and older. Early surgery does not reduce mortality, but re-admissions to the year.

OBJETIVO: A pesar de los avances técnicos, la fractura de cadera conlleva una alta mortalidad en ancianos. Con este estudio se deseó conocer cómo influía la cirugía precoz en la mortalidad durante el ingreso, al año y tras cinco años, así como en los reingresos al mes y al año. También se quiso conocer cómo evolucionaban la dependencia y la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en los doce meses de seguimiento y qué factores se asociaban a una mala evolución del paciente. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera osteoporótica en un hospital de nivel III, entre 2010 y 2012, con un muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron los siguientes factores: funcionalidad (Barthel); calidad de vida (EuroQol-5D) previa, al mes, a los seis y doce meses; reingresos al mes y al año; y mortalidad al ingreso, al año y a los cinco años. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS Versión 25.0. RESULTADOS: Se siguieron 327 pacientes de 82,9 (SD: 6,9) años de media, de los que 258 (78,9%) fueron mujeres. Se intervinieron 150 (45,9%) en las primeras 24 horas y 237 (72,5%) en las primeras 48 horas. Reingresaron 14 (4,3%) al mes y 44 (13,5%) al año. Hubo 8 muertes intraepisodio (2,4%), 61 (19,2%) al año y 185 (54,6%) a los cinco años. La calidad de vida previa a la fractura fue de 0,43 de mediana (0,24-0,74), 0,15 (0,07-0,28) al mes, 0,26 (0,13-0,59) a los seis meses y 0,24 (0,15-0,58) a los doce meses. La funcionalidad basal fue de 85 (55,0-100), 35 (20,0-60,0) al mes y 60 (25,0-85,0) a los seis y doce meses. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre todas las visitas excepto a los seis y doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes empeoran notablemente al mes de la cirugía, recuperándose a los seis meses y manteniéndose a los doce, sin alcanzar el valor basal. Los resultados en mortalidad y reingresos al año son peores para los hombres y los más mayores. La cirugía precoz no disminuye la mortalidad, pero sí los reingresos al año.

Influencia de la cirugía precoz de la fractura de cadera en ancianos en la mortalidad, los reingresos, la dependencia y la calidad de vida / Influence of early hip fracture surgery in the elderly on mortality, readmissions, dependence and quality of life

OBJETIVO: A pesar de los avances técnicos, la fractura de cadera conlleva una alta mortalidad en ancianos. Con este estudio se deseó conocer cómo influía la cirugía precoz en la mortalidad durante el ingreso, al año y tras cinco años, así como en los reingresos al mes y al año. También se quiso conocer cómo evolucionaban la dependencia y la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en los doce meses de seguimiento y qué factores se asociaban a una mala evolución del paciente. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en mayores de 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera osteoporótica en un hospital de nivel III, entre 2010 y 2012, con un muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron los siguientes factores: funcionalidad (Barthel); calidad de vida (EuroQol-5D) previa, al mes, a los seis y doce meses; reingresos al mes y al año; y mortalidad al ingreso, al año y a los cinco años. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS Versión 25.0. RESULTADOS: Se siguieron 327 pacientes de 82,9 (SD: 6,9) años de media, de los que 258 (78,9%) fueron mujeres. Se intervinieron 150 (45,9%) en las primeras 24 horas y 237 (72,5%) en las primeras 48 horas. Reingresaron 14 (4,3%) al mes y 44 (13,5%) al año. Hubo 8 muertes intraepisodio (2,4%), 61 (19,2%) al año y 185 (54,6%) a los cinco años. La calidad de vida previa a la fractura fue de 0,43 de mediana (0,24-0,74), 0,15 (0,07-0,28) al mes, 0,26 (0,13-0,59) a los seis meses y 0,24 (0,15-0,58) a los doce meses. La funcionalidad basal fue de 85 (55,0-100), 35 (20,0-60,0) al mes y 60 (25,0-85,0) a los seis y doce meses. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre todas las visitas excepto a los seis y doce meses. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes empeoran notablemente al mes de la cirugía, recuperándose a los seis meses y manteniéndose a los doce, sin alcanzar el valor basal. Los resultados en mortalidad y reingresos al año son peores para los hombres y los más mayores. La cirugía precoz no disminuye la mortalidad, pero sí los reingresos al año

OBJECTIVE: In spite of technical advances, hip fracture causes high mortality in the elderly. We wanted to know early surgery influence to mortality during admission, one year and after five years, as well as readmissions at one month and one year. We also wanted to know how dependence and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) evolved in the twelve months of follow-up and what factors were associated with poor patient evolution. METHODS: A prospective observational study was made in patients over 65 years of age treated for osteoporotic hip fracture in a level III hospital between 2010- 2012, with consecutive sampling. We evaluated functionality (Barthel) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D) basal (before fracture), within 30 days, within six and twelve months; readmissions within the 30 days and within one year; and mortality during admission; within one and five years. We used the statistical program SPSS Version 25.0 for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: We followed 327 patients of 82.9 (SD: 6.9) years of means, 258 (78.9%) were women. Fifty-four (45.9%) were treated within 24 hours and 237 (72.5%) within 48 hours. They returned 14 (4.3%) within the 30 days and 44 (13.5%) within the one year. There were 8 deaths during admission (2.4%) and 61 (19.2%) in the first year and 185 (54,6%) within five years. The pre-fracture quality of life was 0.43 median (0.24-0.74), at the month 0.15 (0.07-0.28), at six months 0.26 (0, 13-0.59) and at twelve 0.24 (0.15-0.58). The previous functionality was 85.0 (55.0-100) at the month 35.0 (20.0-60.0) and 60.0 (25.0-85.0) at six and twelve months. There were significant differences between all visits except between six and twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: The patients get worse significantly at the month of surgery and recover in the six months, remaining at twelve, without reaching the baseline value. The results in mortality and readmissions per year are worse for men and older. Early surgery does not reduce mortality, but re-admissions to the year

Potentially Inappropriate Antihypertensive Prescriptions to Elderly Patients: Results of a Prospective, Observational Study.

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies of antihypertensive treatment of older patients have focused on blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk or adherence, whereas data on inappropriate antihypertensive prescriptions to older patients are scarce. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess inappropriate antihypertensive prescriptions to older patients. METHODS: An observational, prospective multicentric study was conducted to assess potentially inappropriate prescription of antihypertensive drugs, in patients aged 75 years and older with arterial hypertension (HTN), in the month prior to hospital admission, using four instruments: Beers, Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP), Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to the Right Treatment (START) and Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders 3 (ACOVE-3). Primary care and hospital electronic records were reviewed for HTN diagnoses, antihypertensive treatment and blood pressure readings. RESULTS: Of 672 patients, 532 (median age 85 years, 56% female) had HTN. 21.6% received antihypertensive monotherapy, 4.7% received no hypertensive treatment, and the remainder received a combination of antihypertensive therapies. The most frequently prescribed antihypertensive drugs were diuretics (53.5%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (41%), calcium antagonists (32.2%), angiotensin receptor blockers (29.7%) and beta-blockers (29.7%). Potentially inappropriate prescription was observed in 51.3% of patients (27.8% overprescription and 35% underprescription). The most frequent inappropriately prescribed drugs were calcium antagonists (overprescribed), ACEIs and beta-blockers (underprescribed). ACEI and beta-blocker underprescriptions were independently associated with heart failure admissions [beta-blockers odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.71, p < 0.001; ACEIs OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36-0.70, p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Potentially inappropriate prescription was detected in more than half of patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. Underprescription was more frequent than overprescription. ACEIs and beta-blockers were frequently underprescribed and were associated with heart failure admissions.

[Avoidable Hospital Admissions for Heart Failure, Spain]. / Hospitalizaciones evitables por insuficiencia cardíaca.Variables implicadas.

OBJECTIVE: The avoidable hospital admissions for heart failure are a problem for health systems worldwide, as they waste resources, generate additional morbidities and high mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors in patients hospitalized for heart failure. METHODS: A group of medical from Hospital and Primary Care was established. We realized an audit of a sample of 110 patients from Aljarafe towns with highest hospital admissions for heart failure. The analysis used Student T test and Mann Whitney for quantitative variables; Chi-square test and Fisher exact test for qualitative variables. RESULTS: Patients admitted for HF had a mean age of 78.1 years (SD: 9.56); 73 (66.4%) were women; Barthel Index was 45.0 on average; 53.5% had New York Health Association (NYHA) class III and 17 (15.5%) were institutionalized, 70% had between 3 and 5 comorbidities, mainly hypertension (87.3%), dyslipidemia (60.0%), diabetes (57.3%), chronic kidney disease (56.4%), anemia (53.2% ) or atrial fibrillation (52.7%). During hospitalization, 23 patients (20.9%) died. They were mostly women, elderly, had a previous admission and without beta-blockers treatment. The admission in the last 12 months was associated with identification of the primary caregiver; ischemic HF; re-vascularization; inclusion in the COMPARTE Program; treatment change decompensation. CONCLUSIONS: The hospital admissions were more frequently an aging population with multiple diseases (hypertension, diabetes, COPD, renal disease) and low capacity for basic activities of daily life. The hospital mortality associated with elderly, women, less use of beta-blockers and the non-inclusion of the patient in the care process.

OBJETIVO: Los ingresos hospitalarios evitables por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) son un problema para los sistemas de salud, consumen recursos, generan morbilidades adicionales y alta mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los factores de riesgo de las personas hospitalizadas por insuficiencia cardiaca. METODOS: Se constituyó un grupo con médicos de atención primaria y hospitalaria. Se realizaron auditorías de las historias clínicas de 110 pacientes de la poblacion de la comarca del Aljarafe con mayores tasas de ingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y estudio descriptivo y comparativo con T-Student y U-Mann Whitney para cuantitativas y Chi2 y Fisher para cualitativas. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes que ingresaron por IC tenían 78,1 años (SD: 9,56) de media; 73 (66,4%) fueron mujeres; un Índice Barthel de 45,0 de media; un 53,5% con New Yorl Health Asosiation (NYHA) grado III y 17 (15,5%) institucionalizados. El 70% presentaban 3-5 comorbilidades, hipertensión (87,3%), dislipemia (60,0%) diabetes mellitus(57,3%), enfermedad renal crónica (56,4%),anemia (53,2%) o fibrilación auricular (52,7%). Fallecieron al ingreso 23 (20,9%) pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: Los ingresos se dieron en personas mayores con múltiples enfermedades (hipertensión, diabetes, EPOC, enfermedad renal) y escasa capacidad para actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El fallecimiento hospitalario se asoció a edad avanzada, ser mujer, menor uso de betablo¬queantes y la no inclusión del paciente en el proceso asistencial.

Hospitalizaciones evitables por insuficiencia cardíaca. Variables relacionadas / Avoidable hospital admissions for heart failure, Spain

Fundamentos: Los ingresos hospitalarios evitables por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) son un problema para los sistemas de salud, consumen recursos, generan morbilidades adicionales y alta mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los factores de riesgo de las personas hospitalizadas por insuficiencia cardiaca. Métodos: Se constituyó un grupo con médicos de atención primaria y hospitalaria. Se realizaron auditorías de las historias clínicas de 110 pacientes de la poblacion de la comarca del Aljarafe con mayores tasas de ingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y estudio descriptivo y comparativo con T-Student y U-Mann Whitney para cuantitativas y λ2 y Fisher para cualitativas. Resultados: Los pacientes que ingresaron por IC tenían 78,1 años (SD: 9,56) de media; 73 (66,4%) fueron mujeres; un Índice Barthel de 45,0 de media; un 53,5% con grado III de la NYHA y 17 (15,5%) institucionalizados. El 70% presentaban 3-5 comorbilidades, hipertensión (87,3%), dislipemia (60,0%) diabetes (57,3%), enfermedad renal crónica (56,4%), anemia (53,2%) o fibrilación auricular (52,7%). Fallecieron al ingreso 23 (20,9%) pacientes. Conclusiones: Los ingresos se dieron en personas mayores con múltiples enfermedades (hipertensión, diabetes, EPOC, enfermedad renal) y escasa capacidad para actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El fallecimiento hospitalario se asoció a edad avanzada, ser mujer, menor uso de betabloqueantes y la no inclusión del paciente en el proceso asistencial (AU)

Background: The avoidable hospital admissions for heart failure are a problem for health systems worldwide, as they waste resources, generate additional morbidities and high mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors in patients hospitalized for heart failure to prevent further unplanned admissions. Methods: A group of medical from Hospital and Primary Care was established. We realized an audit of a sample of 110 patients from Aljarafe towns with highest hospital admissions for heart failure. The analysis used Student T test and Mann Whitney for quantitative variables; λ2 test and Fisher exact test for qualitative variables. Results: Patients admitted for HF had a mean age of 78.1 years (SD: 9.56); 73 (66.4%) were women; Barthel Index was 45.0 on average; 53.5% had NYHA class III and 17 (15.5%) were institutionalized, 70% had between 3 and 5 comorbidities, mainly hypertension (87.3%), dyslipidemia (60.0%), diabetes (57.3%), chronic kidney disease (56.4%), anemia (53.2% ) or atrial fibrillation (52.7%). During hospitalization, 23 patients (20.9%) died. They were mostly women, elderly, had a previous admission and without beta-blockers treatment. The admission in the last 12 months was associated with identification of the primary caregiver; ischemic HF; revascularization; inclusion in the COMPARTE Program; treatment change decompensation. Conclusiones: The hospital admissions were more frequently an aging population with multiple diseases (hypertension, diabetes, COPD, renal disease) and low capacity for basic activities of daily life. The hospital mortality associated with elderly, women, less use of beta-blockers and the non-inclusion of the patient in the care process (AU)

Inappropriate prescribing to older patients admitted to hospital: a comparison of different tools of misprescribing and underprescribing.

PURPOSE: This study aims to assess inappropriate prescribing (IP) to elderly patients during the month prior to hospitalization and to compare different IP criteria. METHODS: An observational, prospective and multicentric study was carried out in the internal medicine services of seven Spanish hospitals. Patients aged 75years and older were randomly selected after hospital admission for a year. To assess potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs), the Beers and STOPP criteria were used and to assess potentially prescribing omissions (PPOs), the START criteria and ACOVE-3 medicine quality indicators were used. An analysis to assess factors associated with IP was performed. RESULTS: 672 patients [median age (Q1-Q3) 82 (79-86) years, 55.9% female] were included. Median prescribed medicines in the month prior to hospitalization were 10(Q1-Q3 7-13). The prevalence of IP was 87.6%, and 54.3% of patients had PIMs and PPOs concurrently. A higher prevalence rate of PIMs was predicted using the STOPP criteria than with the Beers criteria (p<0.001) and a higher prevalence of PPOs using the ACOVE-3 criteria than using the START criteria (p<0.001) was observed. Polypharmacy (≥ 10 medicines) was the strongest predictor of IP [OR=11.34 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.96-25.94], PIMs [OR=14.16, 95% CI 6.44-31.12], Beers-listed PIMs [OR=8.19, 95% CI 3.01-22.28] and STOPP-listed PIMs [OR=8.21, 95% CI 3.47-19.44]. PIMs was the strongest predictor of PPOs [OR=2.79, 95% CI 1.81-4.28]. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIMs and PPOs were reported. More than half the patients had simultaneous PIMs and PPOs. The related factors to PIMs and PPOs were different.

An inter-rater reliability study of the prescribing indicated medications quality indicators of the Assessing Care Of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) 3 criteria as a potentially inappropriate prescribing tool.

PURPOSE: There are limited tools to assess potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) or underprescribing in the elderly. The ACOVE project defines comprehensive quality care indicators for older people and some of these indicators focused on appropriate use of medicines. The aim of the present study was to assess the inter-rater reliability between observers using the ACOVE 3 prescribing indicated medications indicators and compare it with the inter-rater reliability obtained for the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP)/Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment (START) criteria. METHODS: In the context of an observational and multicentric study of a cohort of 672 patients 75 years and older who were hospitalized in Internal Medicine services of seven Spanish hospitals, an inter-rater reliability study using the ACOVE selected indicators and the STOPP/START criteria was carried out between April 2011 and March 2012. Three patients were randomly selected in each participating hospital, one for each four months of study. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients (mean (SD) age of 84.3 (5.6) years, 57.1% female) were included in the inter-rater reliability study. For the STOPP, START and ACOVE criteria, the median kappa coefficient for the seven hospital analyses was 0.97, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. Out of 123 total indicators in only 7 (5.7%) was the kappa coefficient value below 0.75. Only for 2 (5.6%) of the 37 studies selected ACOVE quality indicators was the kappa coefficient value less than 0.75. CONCLUSIONS: A high inter-rater reliability was obtained for the selected underprescribing quality indicators of ACOVE 3. These quality indicators may be considered a useful tool in detecting underprescribing to the elderly patients.

Reliability of a short questionnaire for the diagnosis of severe disability in polypathological patients attended in hospital setting.

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive evaluation of polypathological patients (PP) should always include a functional evaluation. For this purpose, a modified version of the Barthel Index (BI) is the most applied questionnaire, and it consists of a 10-variable scale. The aim of this study was to develop a screening and confirmation tool to diagnose high disability with the fewest number of dimensions of the BI as possible. METHOD: This present cross-sectional observational multicentre study included PP attended in 36 Spanish hospitals that were divided into two geographical areas (Western and Eastern). The Western area was considered to be the derivation subgroup of PP, and the Eastern area was the validation subgroup. Complete disability for each item (value of 0) was assessed for the diagnosis of severe disability. Diagnostic validity indices (sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values [NPV and PPV, respectively], and negative and positive likelihood ratios [NLR and PLR, respectively]) were determined for the derivation subgroup. The dimensions with the best diagnostic validity indices were then used to evaluate the validation subgroup. RESULTS: The analysis included 1521 PP, 753 PP from the Western area and 768 PP from the Eastern area. Needing complete help for bathing showed the highest NPV and lowest NLR in the derivation/validation subgroups (NPV 96.87/95.54, NLR 0.07/0.13). Being disabled for feeding alone showed high PPV and PLR values (PPV 97.97/95.65, PLR 109.25/49.62), as did disability for transfers (PPV 98.48/97.96, PLR 143.36/107.68). In addition, complete disability for feeding and transfers had the best PPV and PLR in both subgroups (PPV 100/100, PLR X/0). CONCLUSIONS: A two-dimension mini-Barthel Index may represent a reliable diagnostic test for severe disability in PP.

Continuidad asistencial en el paciente pluripatológico / Continuity of care in polypathological patient

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Precisión de los criterios definitorios de pacientes con enfermedades médicas no neoplásicas en fase terminal. Proyecto PALIAR / Reliability of different criteria in identifying end-of-life trajectory of patients with chronic medical diseases. PALIAR Project

Introducción. Existe incertidumbre para identificar adecuadamente la trayectoria del final de la vida en pacientes con enfermedades médicas crónicas en fases avanzadas, hecho que dificulta en muchos casos la planificación de servicios y el proceso de transición, de unos objetivos de supervivencia a unos terapéuticos de calidad de vida. Objetivos. Evaluar la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo, e índice de validez de los criterios de enfermedad médica terminal del National Hospice Organization estadounidense, la Palliative Prognostic Index y la Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) en pacientes con enfermedades cardíacas, neumológicas, hepáticas, renales y/o neurológicas en estadío avanzado; y construir-validar un índice específico para determinar con mayor certidumbre esta frontera. Métodos. Estudio de cohortes prospectivas multicéntrico con inclusión de pacientes con criterios predefinidos de enfermedad avanzada en órganos comentados. Recogida de datos demográficos, clínico-asistenciales, de estratificación y estadiaje de enfermedad(es), funcionales, analíticos, criterios de la National Hospice Organization, ECOG, valores predictivos positivos y Palliative Prognostic Index; y de la variable final (fallecimiento) a los 180 días de la inclusión. Análisis de sensibilidad, especifidad, valores predictivos positivos, negativos e índice de validez de los criterios de la National Hospice Organization, escala ECOG y Palliative Prognostic Index a los 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 y 180 días. Derivación, si procede, del indice PALIAR, tras análisis multivariante y ponderación de los factores de riesgo (beta del f. riesgo/beta menor del modelo) y posterior validación en cohorte de validación y cohorte histórica PROFUND...(AU)

Introduction. It is a challenge to reliably identify the end-of-life trajectory in patients with advanced-stage chronic medical conditions. This makes advanced supportive care planning and transition from survival to comfort objectives more difficult in these emergent patient populations. Objectives. To evaluate the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive values (PPV) and negative (NPV), and validity index (IV) of NHO criteria for terminal medical conditions, PPI and ECOG in patients with advanced heart, lung, liver, kidney and/or neurological diseases, and to build and validate an accurate index to determine this border-line. Methods. A multicentre prospective cohort study, with inclusion of patients with the predefined advanced medical diseases. Demographic, clinical, care, stratification and staging of disease(s), functional, analytical, NHO criteria, ECOG, PPS and PPI data collection; The end-point (death) will be assessed 180 days after inclusion. Analysis of Se, Sp, PPV, NPV, and IV of the NHO criteria, ECOG scale and PPI at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Derivation of PALIAR Index, after multivariate analysis and appropriate weighting of risk factors (beta of risk factor/lowest beta of the model), and validation in the validation cohort, and in the historical PROFUND cohort. Results. The project is still ongoing, with 50 investigators from 33 hospitals throughout Spain, who have already included 1138 patients (92.5% during hospital admissions, 51.4% of them are male, with a mean age of 78.5 years). Mean inclusion chronic diseases were 1.4 per patient (44.5% of patients suffered chronic neurological diseases, 38.6% with heart failure, 34.2% with lung diseases, 12% with liver diseases, and 6.5% with renal diseases)...(AU)

[Reliability of different criteria in identifying end-of-life trajectory of patients with chronic medical diseases. PALIAR Project]. / Precisión de los criterios definitorios de pacientes con enfermedades médicas no neoplásicas en fase terminal. Proyecto PALIAR.

INTRODUCTION: It is a challenge to reliably identify the end-of-life trajectory in patients with advanced-stage chronic medical conditions. This makes advanced supportive care planning and transition from survival to comfort objectives more difficult in these emergent patient populations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive values (PPV) and negative (NPV), and validity index (IV) of NHO criteria for terminal medical conditions, PPI and ECOG in patients with advanced heart, lung, liver, kidney and/or neurological diseases, and to build and validate an accurate index to determine this border-line. METHODS: A multicentre prospective cohort study, with inclusion of patients with the predefined advanced medical diseases. Demographic, clinical, care, stratification and staging of disease(s), functional, analytical, NHO criteria, ECOG, PPS and PPI data collection; The end-point (death) will be assessed 180 days after inclusion. Analysis of Se, Sp, PPV, NPV, and IV of the NHO criteria, ECOG scale and PPI at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Derivation of PALIAR Index, after multivariate analysis and appropriate weighting of risk factors (beta of risk factor/lowest beta of the model), and validation in the validation cohort, and in the historical PROFUND cohort. RESULTS: The project is still ongoing, with 50 investigators from 33 hospitals throughout Spain, who have already included 1138 patients (92.5% during hospital admissions, 51.4% of them are male, with a mean age of 78.5 years). Mean inclusion chronic diseases were 1.4 per patient (44.5% of patients suffered chronic neurological diseases, 38.6% with heart failure, 34.2% with lung diseases, 12% with liver diseases, and 6.5% with renal diseases). Around 69% fulfilled the criteria of polypathological patients (mean Charlson index 3.4), and were prescribed around 8 drugs chronically. Mean Barthel index was 40 points, and 77% of them were dependent on a caregiver. Around 46% were ECOG-PS stage III or IV, and mean PPS score was 45 points. CONCLUSION: The availability of an accurate and powerful tool that could enable us to identify the end-of-life trajectory of these patients could allow us to establish specific intervention strategies for these populations. Therefore, and with these preliminary data, we believe that the PALIAR PROJECT will answer with rigour the questions and objectives of the study.

¿Es eficaz la vacuna de la varicela? / Effectiveness of varicella vacine

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