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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 32(4): 219-224, abr. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-121553

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La incidencia de virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual aumenta en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) a pesar del conocimiento sobre cómo prevenirlas. Determinar los mecanismos que estarían motivando el fracaso de la prevención es importante para reconducir la tendencia. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Con objeto de conocer las prácticas y conductas sexuales de riesgo así como las percepciones y valoraciones de los pacientes respecto a dicho riesgo, se realizaron encuestas anónimas, voluntarias y autoadministradas a HSH VIH+ que acudían a una consulta hospitalaria, que incluía 58 preguntas divididas en 10apartados para explorar conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos frente al VIH. También se pasaron encuestas a médicos con objeto explorar sus percepciones, actitudes y opiniones respecto a la situación de la epidemia, prevención, percepción de la enfermedad y del paciente; y valores en la práctica clínica. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 495encuestas a pacientes. El 87% dijeron conocer la manera de adquirir VIH y el 97% sabía cómo evitarlo, pero el 69% reconocía estar en situación de riesgo y el 43% se sentían poco preocupados de contraer VIH. El 65% tenían relaciones sexuales con ≥ 2 personas en un mismo día, el 47% encuentros por Internet y 26% sexo en grupo. El 65% de los encuestados consideraron que actuaban con impulsividad. Señalaron falta de información (33%), mala suerte (32%), riesgo excesivo asumido (36%) y despreocupación (25%) como motivos principales de la adquisición de la infección. Ante el diagnóstico, el 41% respondieron «nunca pensé que me pudiera pasar a mí» y el 32% respondieron «tuve mala suerte». De los 121 médicos encuestados, 24% consideraron que la infección por VIH/sida estaba fuera de control en España y el 65% respondieron que se tenía respecto a VIH/sida la imagen de enfermedad controlada y poco preocupante. El 71% de los encuestados juzgaron que el aumento de nuevas infecciones evidenciaba que no se tenía un plan preventivo adecuado. CONCLUSIONES: La gestión del riesgo de adquirir VIH se hace desde un grado de preocupación bajo, motivado por el optimismo fruto de los avances en la lucha contra la enfermedad y la dulcificación actual del discurso. La banalización del riesgo, al desvirtuar la idea de conducta arriesgada, es un determinante de actitudes que imposibilitarían adoptar un comportamiento preventivo eficaz y tomar decisiones prudentes y anticipadas


INTRODUCTION: The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases increases in males who have sex with males (MSM), despite the knowledge on how to prevent them. To determine the mechanisms that are driving this lack of prevention is important to reverse the trend. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An anonymous, voluntary and self-reporting questionnaire was completed by HIV+ MSM patients who were seen in a hospital clinic, with the aim of finding out the sexual risk practices and behaviour, as well as their perceptions and assessment as regards this risk. The questionnaire included 58 questions, divided into 10sections, to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour as regards HIV. The questionnaires were also given to the physicians, with the aim of exploring their perceptions, attitudes and opinions as regards the situation of the epidemic, prevention, perception of the diseases and the patient, and values in clinical practice. RESULTS: A total of 495 questionnaires from the patients were analysed. Most of them (87%) said they knew how HIV was acquired, and 97% knew how to prevent it, but 69% knew they were in a risk situation, and 43% had little concern of contracting HIV. Almost two-thirds (65%) had sex with ≥2 persons on the same day, 47% met on the Internet and 26% had group sex. The same percentage of those surveyed considered that they acted impulsively. They highlighted a lack of information (33%), bad luck (32%), assumed excessive risk (36%), and lake of concern (25%), as the main reasons for acquiring the infection. When confronted with diagnosis 41% of patients answered «I never thought that it would happen to me», and 32% said «I had bad luck». Of the 121 physicians who completed the questionnaire, 24% considered that infection due to HIV/AIDS was out of control in Spain, and 65% responded that there was an image that HIV/AIDS was a controlled disease and of little concern. A large majority (71%) of those surveyed, considered that the increase in new infections showed that there was no suitable preventive plan. CONCLUSIONS: The management of the risk of acquiring HIV maintains a low level of concern, due to the optimism produced by the advances in the fight against the disease and the current toning down of the discussion. The trivialisation of the risk, on distorting the idea of risky behaviour, is a determining factor of attitudes that makes it impossible to adopt effective preventive behaviour and to take sensible and anticipated decisions


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/transmission , Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Surveys , Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior , Prospective Studies
2.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 32(4): 219-24, 2014 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23896320

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases increases in males who have sex with males (MSM), despite the knowledge on how to prevent them. To determine the mechanisms that are driving this lack of prevention is important to reverse the trend. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An anonymous, voluntary and self-reporting questionnaire was completed by HIV+ MSM patients who were seen in a hospital clinic, with the aim of finding out the sexual risk practices and behaviour, as well as their perceptions and assessment as regards this risk. The questionnaire included 58questions, divided into 10sections, to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour as regards HIV. The questionnaires were also given to the physicians, with the aim of exploring their perceptions, attitudes and opinions as regards the situation of the epidemic, prevention, perception of the diseases and the patient, and values in clinical practice. RESULTS: A total of 495 questionnaires from the patients were analysed. Most of them (87%) said they knew how HIV was acquired, and 97% knew how to prevent it, but 69% knew they were in a risk situation, and 43% had little concern of contracting HIV. Almost two-thirds (65%) had sex with ≥2persons on the same day, 47% met on the Internet and 26% had group sex. The same percentage of those surveyed considered that they acted impulsively. They highlighted a lack of information (33%), bad luck (32%), assumed excessive risk (36%), and lake of concern (25%), as the main reasons for acquiring the infection. When confronted with diagnosis 41% of patients answered «I never thought that it would happen to me¼, and 32% said «I had bad luck¼. Of the 121 physicians who completed the questionnaire, 24% considered that infection due to HIV/AIDS was out of control in Spain, and 65% responded that there was an image that HIV/AIDS was a controlled disease and of little concern. A large majority (71%) of those surveyed, considered that the increase in new infections showed that there was no suitable preventive plan. CONCLUSIONS: The management of the risk of acquiring HIV maintains a low level of concern, due to the optimism produced by the advances in the fight against the disease and the current toning down of the discussion. The trivialisation of the risk, on distorting the idea of risky behaviour, is a determining factor of attitudes that makes it impossible to adopt effective preventive behaviour and to take sensible and anticipated decisions.


Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , HIV Infections , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Homosexuality, Male , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Risk , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
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