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1.
Bol. pediatr ; 62(260): 103-110, 2022. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213412

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivos. La COVID-19 es una enfermedad producida por el virus SARS-CoV-2. En España,entre el mes de marzo y junio de 2020 se declaró el primer Estado de Alarma con el fin de contener la pandemia.Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la demanda asistencial y lasenfermedades que acudieron a Urgencias Pediátricas y quefueron ingresadas durante el tiempo que duró el primer Estado de Alarma, comparando con los mismos meses delos años 2018 y 2019.Resultados. Existe una reducción del número de ingresosde 345 a 141, un incremento de la complejidad demostrada por una mayor duración de los ingresos hasta 7,3±12,4 días(6,2±8,6 días en 2018 y 4,8±6,9 en 2019). Las enfermedades infecciosas (principalmente las respiratorias) descendieron, permaneciendo estables los ingresos por neoplasias, patología psiquiátrica, apendicitis y enfermedades circulatorias. EnUrgencias Pediátricas, en los años 2018 y 2019 (de 1 marzoa 30 junio) se atendieron 9.075 y 8.525 pacientes, mientras que en el 2020 se atendieron 2.215, aumentando el porcentajede ingresos procedentes de urgencias del 3,6% y 3,4% al 6%en 2020. Las enfermedades que aumentaron de forma más importante fueron las lesiones traumáticas y las intoxicaciones. Tanto en los ingresos como en urgencias existe unincremento en la edad de los pacientes. Conclusiones. El Estado de Alarma influyó en la presión asistencial y en el tipo de enfermedades atendidas enel Servicio de Pediatría, con una disminución del número de Urgencias y de ingresos, un incremento de la edad y unamodificación del tipo de enfermedades atendidas.


Introduction and objectives. COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In Spain, between March and June 2020, the first State of Alarm was declared in order to contain the pandemic. Our objective is to evaluate the health care demand and the diseases that came to the Pediatric Emergency Department and were admitted during the time that the first State of Alarm lasted, comparing with the same months of the years 2018 and 2019.Results. There is a reduction in the number of admissions from 345 to 141, an increase in complexity demonstrated by a longer duration of admissions to 7.3±12.4 days (6.2 ± 8.6 days in 2018 and 4, 8±6.9 in 2019). Infectious diseases (mainly respiratory) decreased, with admissions for neoplasms, psychiatric pathology, appendicitis and circulatory diseases remaining stable. In Pediatric Emergencies, in the years 2018 and 2019 (from March 1 to June 30), 9,075 and 8,525 patients were attended, while in 2020, 2,215 were attended, increasing the percentage of admissions from the emergency room of 3.6% and 3.4% to 6% in 2020. The diseases that increased most significantly were traumatic injuries and poisonings. Both in admissions and in emergencies there is an increase in the age of the patients. Conclusions. The State of Alarm influenced the care pressure and the type of diseases treated in the Pediatric Service, with a decrease in the number of Emergencies and admissions, an increase in age and a modification of the type of diseases treated (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Child Care/supply & distribution , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pandemics , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology
2.
Bol. pediatr ; 62(260): 150-154, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213417

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La hipertensión pulmonar en pediatríasuele presentarse con una clínica inespecífica que hace difícilsu sospecha diagnóstica, siendo hasta en el 30% de los casosde etiología multifactorial.Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de una lactante de2 meses de edad que comienza con clínica inespecífica(vómitos, rechazo de tomas, irritabilidad), presentando unempeoramiento progresivo que termina en varias paradascardiorrespiratorias abortadas. En el estudio diagnósticoúnicamente se encuentra una hipertensión pulmonar grave que no responde a tratamiento vasodilatador agresivo.Además, muestra hiperecogenicidad periventricular condesarrollo de edema cerebral progresivo, que termina conla vida de la paciente. El estudio metabólico muestra elevación de glicina en líquidos biológicos; y el estudio genético confirma una variante patogénica en homocigosis en elgen NFU1 (NM_001002755.3:c.622G>T, p.Gly208Cys), por loque se diagnostica de síndrome de disfunción mitocondrialmúltiple tipo 1.Conclusiones. El síndrome de disfunción mitocondrialmúltiple tipo 1 es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva conuna prevalencia <1/1.000.000, que afecta al metabolismomitocondrial por alteración del gen NFU1. La clínica comienza en las primeras etapas de la vida por síntomas inespecíficos, neurológicos e hipertensión pulmonar, con un cursomortal a los pocos meses de edad. Destaca un aumento deglicina y lactato en líquidos biológicos; una leucoencefalopatía periventricular con degeneración quística, cavitacionesy/o necrosis. El diagnóstico de las enfermedades metabólicasprecisa de una alta sospecha clínica. El curso rápidamenteprogresivo y refractario al tratamiento de una hipertensiónpulmonar que asocia clínica encefalopática, debe hacernossospechar una alteración en el metabolismo mitocondrial. (AU)


Introduction. Pulmonary hypertension in children usually presents with non-specific symptoms that makes thesuspicion difficult, being up to 30% of cases of multifactorialetiology.Clinical case. We present the case of a 2-month-old infantwho began with nonspecific symptoms, presenting a progressive worsening that results in aborted cardiorespiratoryarrest. The diagnostic work-up only shows a severe pulmonary hypertension that does not respond to aggressivevasodilator therapy. In addition, the patient has periventricular hyperechogenicity with progressive cerebral edema,causing the patient’s death. The metabolic study shows elevation of glycine in biological fluids; and the genetic study confirmed a homozygous pathogenic variant in the NFU1gene (NM_001002755.3:c.622G>T, p.Gly208Cys), leading tothe diagnosis of type 1 multiple mitochondrial dysfunctionsyndrome.Conclusion. Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome type 1 is an autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence <1/1,000,000, which affects mitochondrial metabolismdue to alterations in the NFU1 gene. The clinic begins in theearly stages of life presenting with nonspecific symptoms,neurological symptoms and pulmonary hypertension; witha fatal course in all cases. An increase in glycine and lactate in biological fluids is characteristic; it is also typical tofind a periventricular leukoencephalopathy with chemicaldegeneration, cavitations and/or necrosis. The diagnosisof metabolic disorders requires a high clinical suspicion. Asevere pulmonary hypertension associated with encephalopathy should lead us to suspect an alteration in mitochondrial metabolism (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Mitochondria, Heart/genetics , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Syndrome
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 78(1/2): e66-e69, ene.-feb. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202321

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hiperactividad simpática paroxística (HSP) es un síndrome caracterizado por episodios repetidos de aumento de actividad simpática (taquicardia, taquipnea, hipertensión arterial, fiebre, sudoración) y actividad motora (distonía, hiperextensión) en pacientes con un daño cerebral adquirido. CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos el caso de un lactante con HSP secundaria a una encefalitis aguda por el virus del herpes simple tipo 1. CONCLUSIÓN: La HSP es una entidad infradiagnosticada, cuyo tratamiento, basado en la combinación de fármacos, debe ser precoz para evitar comorbilidades y mejorar su pronóstico


INTRODUCTION: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH), previously known as dysautonomia or sympathetic storming, is a syndrome characterized by repeated episodes of increases in sympathetic activity (tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypertension, fever and sweating) and motor activity (dystonia, hyperextension) in patients with an acquired brain injury. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a toddler with PSH after acute encephalitis by herpes simplex virus 1. CONCLUSIONS: The PSH is an underdiagnosed entity whose treatment, based on the combination of different drugs, must be premature to avoid comorbidities and to improve its prognosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/complications , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/etiology , Sympathetic Nervous System/diagnostic imaging , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/drug therapy , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Syndrome
4.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 37(2): 67-74, mar. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113780

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Conocer la incidencia de síndrome de abstinencia tras perfusión prolongada de fentanilo y midazolam en niños, y los factores de riesgo asociados. Diseño Estudio de cohorte histórica o retrospectiva. Ámbito UCI pediátrica de seis camas de un hospital universitario. Pacientes Se incluyen 48 pacientes pediátricos que recibieron sedoanalgesia en perfusión continua con midazolam y fentanilo exclusivamente, durante al menos 48 horas. Intervenciones Ninguna. Variables de interés principales Se recogen datos clínicos y demográficos, dosis y duración de sedoanalgesia recibida, aparición de síndrome de abstinencia, gravedad y tratamiento del mismo. Resultados El 50% desarrolló síndrome de abstinencia. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los que lo desarrollaron y los que no en cuanto a duración del tratamiento previo y dosis acumulada de ambos fármacos. Una dosis acumulada de fentanilo de 0,48mg/kg o de midazolam de 40mg/kg, y una duración de la perfusión de ambos de 5,75 días fueron factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de abstinencia. La mayoría presentó un cuadro leve o moderado, que comenzó a las 12-36 horas de suspender la perfusión. El fármaco más utilizado en el tratamiento fue la metadona. Conclusiones La incidencia de síndrome de abstinencia en niños tras perfusión prolongada de midazolam y fentanilo es elevada. El desarrollo del síndrome se relaciona con tiempos de perfusión prolongados y con dosis acumuladas elevadas de ambos fármacos (AU)


Objective To determine the incidence of withdrawal syndrome after prolonged infusion of fentanyl and midazolam in children, and the associated risk factors. Design Historic or retrospective cohort study. Setting Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in an academic center. Patients Forty-eight pediatric patients who received sedation and analgesia only with fentanyl and midazolam through continuous infusion for at least 48hours.InterventionsNone.Main variables of interest Collected data included demographic and clinical parameters, dose and duration of sedation received, and incidence, severity and treatment of withdrawal syndrome. Results Fifty percent of the patients developed withdrawal syndrome. There were significant differences between the patients who developed withdrawal syndrome and those who did not, in terms of the duration of infusion and the cumulative doses of both drugs. A cumulative fentanyl dose of 0.48mg/kg, a cumulative midazolam dose of 40mg/kg, and a duration of infusion of both drugs of 5.75 days were risk factors for the development of withdrawal syndrome. Most children developed mild or moderate disease, beginning about 12-36hours after weaning from infusion. Methadone was used in most cases for treating with drawal. Conclusions There is a high incidence of withdrawal syndrome in children following the continuous infusion of midazolam and fentanyl. The duration of infusion of both drugs and higher cumulative doses are associated with the development of withdrawal syndrome (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/epidemiology , Fentanyl/adverse effects , Midazolam/adverse effects , Critical Care/methods , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy
5.
Med Intensiva ; 37(2): 67-74, 2013 Mar.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22608303

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of withdrawal syndrome after prolonged infusion of fentanyl and midazolam in children, and the associated risk factors. DESIGN: Historic or retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in an academic center. PATIENTS: Forty-eight pediatric patients who received sedation and analgesia only with fentanyl and midazolam through continuous infusion for at least 48 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Collected data included demographic and clinical parameters, dose and duration of sedation received, and incidence, severity and treatment of withdrawal syndrome. RESULTS: Fifty percent of the patients developed withdrawal syndrome. There were significant differences between the patients who developed withdrawal syndrome and those who did not, in terms of the duration of infusion and the cumulative doses of both drugs. A cumulative fentanyl dose of 0.48 mg/kg, a cumulative midazolam dose of 40 mg/kg, and a duration of infusion of both drugs of 5.75 days were risk factors for the development of withdrawal syndrome. Most children developed mild or moderate disease, beginning about 12-36 hours after weaning from infusion. Methadone was used in most cases for treating withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of withdrawal syndrome in children following the continuous infusion of midazolam and fentanyl. The duration of infusion of both drugs and higher cumulative doses are associated with the development of withdrawal syndrome.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Fentanyl/adverse effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Midazolam/adverse effects , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 20(1): 46-51, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15762419

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Parenteral nutrition (PN) has become a mainstay in the treatment of critically ill children, and in the management of extremely premature newborns. We analyse the changes in the profile of pediatric PN in our institution during the last decade. METHOD: The clinical record of all patients under 16 who received PN in 1994 and 2002 were reviewed. Epidemiological data as well as composition of the solutions were recorded. Student t test and Chi-square were used for comparisons as appropriate. p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: 194 patients received PN in 1994 (123 neonates and 71 children); 186 in 2002 (112 neonates and 74 children). The percentage of inpatients who received PN was 10.7% in 1994 vs 3.7% in 2002 in neonates; 1% in 1994 vs 1.3% in 2002, in infants and children. Gastrointestinal surgery in infants and children and extreme prematurity in newborns were the most frequent indication. All neonates received tailored PN solutions while it was standardised in almost 60% of children. Internal jugular vein in children and peripherally inserted central venous catheters in neonates were the most usual vascular access. Length of PN was 10 +/- 8.7 days in 1994 vs 9.2 +/- 8.2 in 2002 in neonates; 15.2 +/- 14.8 days in 1994 vs 11.0 +/- 14.9 in 2002 in infants and children. 21% of the children presented at least one complication due to PN. CONCLUSIONS: There have been very few changes in the use as well as in the profile of the PN practise during the last decade. Gastrointestinal surgery and prematurity were the most frequent indications.


Subject(s)
Parenteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Catheters, Indwelling , Child , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Retrospective Studies
11.
Nutr. hosp ; 20(1): 46-51, ene.-feb. 2005. tab, graf
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-038317

ABSTRACT

Parenteral nutrition (PN) has become a mainstay in the treatment of critically ill children, and in the management of extremely premature newborns. We analyse the changes in the profile of pediatric PN in our institution during the last decade. Method: The clinical record of all patients under 16 who received PN in 1994 and 2002 were reviewed. Epidemiological data as well as composition of the solutions were recorded. Student t test and Chi-square were used for comparisons as appropriate. p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: 194 patients received PN in 1994 (123 neonates and 71 children); 186 in 2002 (112 neonates and 74 children). The percentage of inpatients who received PN was 10.7% in 1994 vs 3.7% in 2002 in neonates; 1%in 1994 vs 1.3% in 2002, in infants and children. Gastrointestinal surgery in infants and children and extreme prematurity in newborns were the most frequent indication. All neonates received tailored PN solutions while it was standardised in almost 60% of children. Internal jugular vein in children and peripherally inserted central venous catheters in neonates were the most usual vascular access. Length of PN was 10 ± 8.7 days in 1994 vs 9.2 ± 8.2 in 2002 in neonates; 15.2 ± 14.8 days in 1994 vs 11.0 ± 14.9 in 2002 in infants and children 21% of the children presented at least one complication due to PN. Conclusions: There have been very few changes in the use as well as in the profile of the PN practise during the last decade. Gastrointestinal surgery and prematurity were the most frequent indications (AU)


La nutrición parenteral (NP) constituye un elemento fundamental en el tratamiento de los niños gravemente enfermos, así como en el cuidado de recién nacidos de muy bajo peso. Presentamos los resultados del uso de la NP en un hospital pediátrico terciario y su variación respecto a la práctica ocho años antes. Métodos: Revisamos las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes menores de 16 años que recibieron NP en el año 2002 y en el año 1994. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos de cada paciente, así como la composición de las soluciones empleadas. Se utilizó la t de Student y el test de la Chi-cuadrado para las comparaciones oportunas. Un valor de p < 0,05 fue considerado significativo. Resultados: 186 pacientes recibieron NP en 2002 (112 neonatos y 74 niños) frente a 194 pacientes en 1994 (123 neonatos y 71 niños). El porcentaje de pacientes ingresados que recibieron NP fue del 3,7% de los neonatos en 2002 vs 10,7% en 1994; para los niños y adolescentes, 1,3% en 2002 vs 1,0% en 1994. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas sobre el aparato digestivo fueron la indicación más frecuente en niños, mientras que en recién nacidos lo fue la gran prematuridad. Todos los neonatos recibieron NP individualizadas mientras que la NP en niños fue estandarizada en casi el 60% de los casos. La vena yugular interna en los niños y los catéteres venosos centrales insertados por vía periférica en neonatos fueron los accesos venosos más empleados. La duración de la NP disminuyó ligeramente en 2002 frente a 1994 en los dos grupos de edad (9,2 ± 8,2 vs 10,0 ± 8,7 en neonatos y 11,0 ± 14,9 vs 15,2 ± 14,8 días en el resto de edades). Se presentaron complicaciones asociadas a la NP en el 21% de los niños fuera del periodo neonatal. Conclusiones: La cirugía del aparato digestivo y la prematuridad son las indicaciones más frecuentes para el uso de NP en nuestra población. Hemos observado poca variación en la práctica clínica sobre su uso en los dos años estudiados (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Parenteral Nutrition , Catheters, Indwelling , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Retrospective Studies
14.
An Esp Pediatr ; 56(5): 466-71, 2002 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12042123

ABSTRACT

Diencephalic syndrome (DS) is a complex of signs and symptoms related to hypothalamic dysfunction. Its main features are emaciation despite normal energy intake and an alert appearance. This syndrome has been described in association with space-occupying lesions of the hypothalamic-optic chiasm region, mainly low-grade glioma, and less often with tumors in the proximity of the IV ventricle. Two patients with DS are reported. The first patient was an 8-month old boy with classical features of DS. Extensive investigation of malabsorption revealed no abnormalities and the first neurologic sign was a rotatory nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed evidence of a hypothalamic tumor, which was identified after surgical resection as a pilocytic astrocytoma. The second patient was an adolescent boy who presented a 20-kg weight loss over a 6-month period and psychological disturbances. Gastrointestinal disease was ruled out as a cause of malnutrition. Because of a polydipsia-polyuria syndrome, manifest while the patient was hospitalized with a suspected diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, MRI of the brain was performed. Multiple intracranial lesions were revealed, mainly in the hypothalamus, and were identified as a disseminated disgerminoma. No neurologic signs or symptoms were present. The patients died 2 years and 1 year after diagnosis, respectively. Although DS is rare, it should be considered in severe failure to thrive or emaciation despite adequate food intake and normal absorptive function of the small bowel.


Subject(s)
Hypothalamic Diseases/complications , Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Infant , Male
15.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 56(5): 466-471, mayo 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12931

ABSTRACT

El síndrome diencefálico es un conjunto de signos y síntomas relacionados con una disfunción hipotalámica y cuyos rasgos característicos son una marcada malnutrición a pesar de una ingesta calórica normal y la apariencia de alerta. Este síndrome se ha descrito asociado a lesiones ocupantes de espacio en la región hipotalámico-quiasmática, sobre todo gliomas de bajo grado y, con menor frecuencia, a tumores de fosa posterior, emplazados en la proximidad del IV ventrículo. Se presentan los casos de 2 pacientes afectados. El primero de ellos era un lactante de 8 meses con un cuadro de síndrome diencefálico clásico. Tras un estudio exhaustivo de malabsorción con resultados negativos mostró un nistagmo rotatorio como primer signo neurológico. Se le realizó una resonancia magnética que evidenció un tumor hipotalámico, que tras la cirugía se identificó como un astrocitoma pielocítico. El segundo paciente fue un adolescente varón con pérdida de 20 kg de peso en los últimos 6 meses y alteraciones psicológicas. Se descartó enfermedad gastrointestinal como causa de la malnutrición; la presencia de un síndrome de polidipsia-poliuria mientras permanecía ingresado con el diagnóstico de sospecha de anorexia nerviosa llevó a la realización de una resonancia magnética que mostró la existencia de numerosas lesiones intracraneales, sobre todo en el hipotálamo, que resultaron ser la diseminación de un disgerminoma. El paciente no presentaba ningún signo ni síntoma neurológico. Ambos pacientes fallecieron a los 2 años y al año del diagnóstico, respectivamente. A pesar de que se trata de una enfermedad infrecuente, debería considerarse su diagnóstico en pacientes con fallo de medro importante o emaciación que presentan una ingesta conservada y una función absortiva intestinal normal (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Nutrition Disorders , Algorithms , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , Hypothalamic Diseases , Gastroenterology
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