ABSTRACT
Fundamentos: en el calendario de vacunación a lo largo de toda la vida del consejo interterritorial del sistema nacional de Salud (cisns) se introdujeron cuatro modificaciones importantes en 2023. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el coste de la vacuNación a lo largo de toda la vida a una persona sana y a ciertos grupos de riesgo tomando como referencia el calendario de 2023 yCompararlo con una estimación previa de 2019. Métodos: se realizo un estudio descriptivo del coste de administrar las vacunas incluidas en el calendario de vacunación a lo Largo de toda la vida para el año 2023 y en el calendario para grupos de riesgo.Resultados: el coste estimado de vacunar a una persona sana a lo largo de toda la vida en 2023 es de 1.541,56 euros en mujeres Y 1.498,18 euros en hombres, lo que supondría un incremento del 125% con respecto al coste en 2019. Las condiciones de riesgo con El coste más alto son asplenia además de déficit del complemento e inmunodeficiencias primarias, suponiendo 3.159.82 euros y 2.566Euros, respectivamente, de media. Vacunar a toda la población sana en españa en un año costaría unos 565 millones de euros y Vacunar a la cohorte de recién nacidos de 2023 a lo largo de toda la vida unos 500 millones de euros.Conclusiones: a pesar del incremento en el coste en 2023, considerando el impacto económico de las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación en la sociedad, la vacunación sigue siendo una intervención barata que aporta múltiples beneficios.(AU)
Background: four modifications were introduced in the lifetime vaccination schedule of the interterritorial council of the National health system (cisns) in 2023. the aim of this study was to estimate the cost of vaccinating a healthy person and people with Certain risk conditions throughout life in spain and to compare with a previous estimation from 2019.Methods: a descriptive study of the cost of administering the vaccines included in the lifetime vaccination schedule for the year 2023 and in the schedule for risk groups was carried out. Results: the estimated cost to immunize a healthy person throughout life in 2023 is 1,541.56 for a woman and 1,498.18 for a Men, which corresponds to an increase of 125% compared to the cost in 2019. The risk conditions with the highest cost are asplenia And complement deficiency and primary immunodeficiencies, with a cost of 3,159.82 euros and 2,566 euros respectively on average. The cost of vaccinating the whole healthy population in spain in a year is around 565m. Moreover, the cost of vaccinating the New-borns cohort of 2023 was estimated at 500m. Conclusions: despite the cost increase in 2023, immunization is still a very cheap intervention, considering the economic Impact of immunopreventable diseases in the society. The relative low cost of immunization throughout life makes this health inter-vention useful and worthwhile.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Vaccines/economics , Hospital Costs , Immunization Programs , Vaccination Coverage/economics , Spain/epidemiology , Public Health , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Four modifications were introduced in the Lifetime Vaccination Schedule of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System (CISNS) in 2023.The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of vaccinating a healthy person and people with certain risk conditions throughout life in Spain and to compare with a previous estimation from 2019. METHODS: A descriptive study of the cost of administering the vaccines included in the Lifetime Vaccination Schedule for the year 2023 and in the schedule for risk groups was carried out. RESULTS: The estimated cost to immunize a healthy person throughout life in 2023 is 1,541.56 for a woman and 1,498.18 for a men, which corresponds to an increase of 125% compared to the cost in 2019. The risk conditions with the highest cost are asplenia and complement deficiency and primary immunodeficiencies, with a cost of 3,159.82 euros and 2,566 euros respectively on average. The cost of vaccinating the whole healthy population in Spain in a year is around 565M. Moreover, the cost of vaccinating the new-borns cohort of 2023 was estimated at 500M. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the cost increase in 2023, immunization is still a very cheap intervention, considering the economic impact of immunopreventable diseases in the society. The relative low cost of immunization throughout life makes this health intervention useful and worthwhile.
OBJECTIVE: En el calendario de vacunación a lo largo de toda la vida del Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud (CISNS) se introdujeron cuatro modificaciones importantes en 2023. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el coste de la vacunación a lo largo de toda la vida a una persona sana y a ciertos grupos de riesgo tomando como referencia el calendario de 2023 y compararlo con una estimación previa de 2019. METHODS: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo del coste de administrar las vacunas incluidas en el calendario de vacunación a lo largo de toda la vida para el año 2023 y en el calendario para grupos de riesgo. RESULTS: El coste estimado de vacunar a una persona sana a lo largo de toda la vida en 2023 es de 1.541,56 euros en mujeres y 1.498,18 euros en hombres, lo que supondría un incremento del 125% con respecto al coste en 2019. Las condiciones de riesgo con el coste más alto son asplenia además de déficit del complemento e inmunodeficiencias primarias, suponiendo 3.159.82 euros y 2.566 euros, respectivamente, de media. Vacunar a toda la población sana en España en un año costaría unos 565 millones de euros y vacunar a la cohorte de recién nacidos de 2023 a lo largo de toda la vida unos 500 millones de euros. CONCLUSIONS: A pesar del incremento en el coste en 2023, considerando el impacto económico de las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación en la sociedad, la vacunación sigue siendo una intervención barata que aporta múltiples beneficios.
Subject(s)
Health Status , Vaccination , Male , Female , Humans , Spain , Immunization ScheduleABSTRACT
An observational study was carried out in two hospitals in patients > 65 years admitted for hip fracture. At 6 months, 15% of patients in the hospital with orthogeriatric standard care and 75% in the hospital with fracture liaison service were receiving bisphosphonates. PURPOSE: Many patients with fractures are discharged without preventive therapy against further fractures. We sought to compare the effectiveness of an orthogeriatric fracture liaison service (FLS), outpatient FLS, and the standard care after hip fractures in prevention of future fractures. METHODS: An observational study was carried out in two hospitals in patients > 65 years of age, admitted between March and July 2016 for fractures. The Candelaria hospital (HUNSC) has no specific protocol for secondary prevention, while at the Negrin Hospital (HUGCDN), an FLS nurse visits the inpatients, gathers metabolic history, instructs regarding the diet, exercises, and fall prevention, and completes a discharge report regarding osteoporosis treatment. The prescription rate of osteoporosis treatment was analyzed at admission, discharge, and 6 months after discharge. We also analyzed the data of patients with hip fractures who attended the outpatient FLS before March 2016. RESULTS: We included a total of 185 inpatients with a mean age of 82 years and 73% were women. At admission, 8% of the patients in HUNSC and 10% in HUGCDN were receiving bisphosphonates. At discharge, the percentages were 8 and 96%, while at 6 months they were 15 and 75%, respectively (p < 0.001). The outpatient FLS recorded 206 hip fractures (27% of discharges for fractures), with 77% adherence to treatment at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the conventional management, the FLS model for inpatients with hip fractures achieved a fivefold increase in the adherence to treatment at 6 months, similar to the rates of outpatient FLS.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care/methods , Health Services for the Aged , Hip Fractures/prevention & control , Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Male , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data , Patient ComplianceABSTRACT
There is a paucity of data about the epidemiology of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and, particularly, with regard to temporal trends and sociodemographic factors. This study included 7,195 episodes of AWS in a defined community (Galicia, Spain) over a 11-year period. We looked for geographical correlations between AWS rate and sociodemographic factors (education and socioeconomic levels and rates of occupational activity and unemployment) within respective districts. We also investigated the inter- and intra-annual time trends for AWS. The median age of the participants was 49 years (interquartile range, 41-60 years), and 85% were men. The annual frequency of AWS episodes remained stable during the study period, with a consistent peak in episodes during the summer months and lowest frequency of episodes in winter months (P<.001). The age- and sex-adjusted geographical distribution of the AWS rate was uneven; districts with high rate tended to cluster. The mean education level was negatively correlated with AWS rate within a given district after adjusting for socioeconomic level, occupational activity rate, and unemployment rate (P<.001). In conclusion, we identified characteristic temporospatial patterns of AWS rate in this defined community. The rate of AWS tended to be higher in the summer months and lower in the winter months. The rate of AWS was higher in districts with low education levels.
