mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 Comirnaty vaccine elicits weak and short specific memory B cell response in individuals with no previous infection.

Objectives: The dynamics of the memory B cell (MBC) repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for assessing long-term immunity. We compare spike-specific MBC responses between SARS-CoV-2 unexposed and recovered individuals, and their impact on breakthrough infections during follow-up. Methods: Spike-specific MBC and T cells were quantified at inclusion and after two doses of mRNA vaccine in a longitudinal cohort of 85 naïve and 64 recovered participants (47 with positive serology and 17 with negative serology after infection). Results: At inclusion, there was minimal spike-specific MBC in naïve SARS-CoV-2 individuals. After the second vaccine dose, MBCs were significantly boosted in naïve individuals, but reached a significantly lower level than that observed even in unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 convalescents (p<0.001). Furthermore, while the secondary memory B cell (MBC) population consisted of 100%, 33%, and 76% IgG+, IgM+, and IgA+ expressing cells, respectively, in the unexposed group, the MBC response showed a significant decrease across all isotypes. Similarly, although secondary specific IgG+, IgM+, and IgA+-MBC isotypes were found in 100%, 39%, and 76% of the unexposed participants, respectively, the magnitude of the MBC levels was significantly lower for all the isotypes compared to convalescents. Interestingly, convalescents without an initial serological response had a lower MBC response, like what found in unexposed subjects. There was an inverse correlation between specific MBCs (r=-0.307; p=0.027), especially for isotype IgA+ (r=-0.279, p=0.045), and the time since the second vaccination dose. Furthermore, during a median follow-up of 434 days (IQR, 339-495), 49 out of 149 individuals (33%) became infected, 29 in naïve and 20 in convalescent individuals, showing a significant correlation between spike-specific MBC magnitude after vaccination and the time for SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially for IgA+/IgG+ MBC isotypes. Conclusions: MBCs were primed by mRNA-based vaccination in most cases, but SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals had a blunted specific MBC response, and this was associated with a shorter time to breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Impact of Previous Common Human Coronavirus Exposure on SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell and Memory B-Cell Response after mRNA-Based Vaccination.

OBJECTIVE: T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 are observed in unexposed individuals, attributed to previous common human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. We evaluated the evolution of this T-cell cross-reactive response and the specific memory B-cells (MBCs) after the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccination and its impact on incident SARS-CoV-2 infections. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of 149 healthcare workers (HCWs) that included 85 unexposed individuals that were subdivided according to previous T-cell cross-reactivity, who were compared to 64 convalescent HCWs. Changes in specific T-cell response and memory B-cell (MBC) levels were compared at baseline and after two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccine. RESULTS: A cross-reactive T-cell response was found in 59% of unexposed individuals before vaccination. Antibodies against HKU1 positively correlated with OC43 and 229E antibodies. Spike-specific MBCs was scarce in unexposed HCWs regardless of the presence of baseline T-cell cross-reactivity. After vaccination, 92% and 96% of unexposed HCWs with cross-reactive T-cells had CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to the spike protein, respectively. Similar results to that were found in convalescents (83% and 92%, respectively). Contrarily, higher than that which was observed in unexposed individuals without T-cell cross-reactivity showed lower CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses (73% in both cases, p = 0.03). Nevertheless, previous cross-reactive T-cell response was not associated with higher levels of MBCs after vaccination in unexposed HCWs. During a follow-up of 434 days (IQR, 339-495) after vaccination, 49 HCWs (33%) became infected, with a significant positive correlation between spike-specific MBC levels and isotypes IgG+ and IgA+ after vaccination and a longer time to get infected. Interestingly, T-cell cross-reactivity did not reduce the time to vaccine breakthrough infections. CONCLUSION: While pre-existing T-cell cross-reactivity enhances the T-cell response after vaccination, it does not increase SARS-CoV-2-specific MBC levels in the absence of previous infection. Overall, the level of specific MBCs determines the time to breakthrough infections, regardless of the presence of T-cell cross-reactivity.

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in a Prospective Inception Cohort Study: Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination.

The risk of reinfection could be related to the initial SARS-CoV-2 clinical presentation, but there are no data about the risk change after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We evaluated the rate of reinfection in an inception cohort study of 4943 health care workers (HCWs) according to symptoms and serologic results during March−May 2020. Incidence rates (IR) and IR ratios (IRR) before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were determined by adjusting Poisson models. Overall, 1005 HCWs (20.3%) referred COVID-19 suggestive symptoms during the first surge of disease, and 33.5% and 55% presented a positive PCR or serology result, respectively. Meanwhile, 13% of asymptomatic HCWs had specific antibodies. During a follow up of 3422.2 person-years before vaccination, the rate of reinfection among seropositive individuals was 81% lower for those who were symptomatic compared with those who were asymptomatic (IRR of 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05−0.67; p = 0.003). During the 3100 person-years period after vaccination, an overall 74% decrease in the rate of infection was observed (IRR of 0.26; 95% CI, 0.21−0.32; p < 0.001), with a significant 83% and 70% decrease in seropositive and seronegative HCWs, respectively. In conclusion, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections is closely related to the clinical and serological presentation of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination further decreases the risk of reinfection more markedly among seropositive.

Pre-existing T cell immunity determines the frequency and magnitude of cellular immune response to two doses of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

Little is known about the factors associated with lack of T-cell response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In a prospective cohort of 61 health care workers (HCWs), 21% and 16% after the first dose of mRNA BNT162b vaccine, and 12% and 7% after the second dose, showed lack of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response, respectively. Pre-existing T-cell immunity, due to past infection (46%) or cross-reactive cellular response (26%), was significantly associated with T-cell response in frequency (CD4+ T-cell, 100% vs 82% after two doses; p = 0.049) and in the magnitude of T-cell response during follow up. Furthermore, baseline CD4+ T-cell correlated positively with the titer of specific IgG-antibodies after first and second vaccine dose. Our data demonstrate that cross-reactive T-cells correlate with a better cellular response as well as an enhanced humoral response, and we confirm the close correlation of humoral and cellular response after mRNA vaccination.

BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine Reactogenicity: The key role of immunity.

We examined the impact of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity on BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reactogenicity. Of 96 healthcare workers (HCWs), 76% reported any vaccine reaction (first dose: 70%, second dose: 67%), none of which was severe. Following first dose, systemic reactions were significantly more frequent among HCWs with past infection than in infection-naïve individuals, and among HCWs with pre-existing cellular immunity than in those without it. The rate of systemic reactions after second dose was 1.7 and 2.0-times higher than after first dose among infection-naïve HCWs and those without pre-existing cellular immunity, respectively. Levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells before vaccination were higher in HCWs with systemic reactions after the first dose than in those without them. BNT162b2 vaccine reactogenicity after first dose is attributable to pre-existing cellular immunity elicited by prior COVID-19 or cross-reactivity. Reactogenicity following second dose suggests an immunity-boosting effect. Overall, these data may reduce negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. Study Registration. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04402827.

T-cell response after first dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthcare workers with previous infection or cross-reactive immunity.

OBJECTIVES: Antibody response to the first dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 is greater in COVID-19-convalescent than in infection-naïve individuals. However, there are no data about T-cell response in individuals with pre-existing cellular immunity. METHODS: We evaluated T-cell responses in parallel with SARS-CoV-2 antibody level after first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in 23 infection-naïve and 27 convalescent healthcare workers (HCWs) previously included in a study about humoral and T-cell immunity. RESULTS: Overall, the antibody response was lower in the infection-naïve group than in convalescent individuals (18 895 vs 662.7 AU mL-1, P < 0.001), and intermediate but significantly lower in convalescent HCWs with previous negative serology (25 174 vs 1793 AU mL-1; P = 0.015). Indeed, anti-spike IgG titres after the first dose correlated with baseline anti-nucleocapsid IgG titres (rho = 0.689; P < 0.001). Pre-existing T-cell immunity was observed in 78% of convalescent and 65% of the infection-naïve HCWs. T-cell response after the first dose of the vaccine was observed in nearly all the cases with pre-existing T-cell immunity, reaching 94% in convalescent HCWs and 93% in those with cross-reactive T cells. It was lower in the infection-naïve group (50%; P = 0.087) and in convalescent HCWs with negative serology (56%; P = 0.085). Notably, systemic reactogenicity after vaccination was mainly observed in those with pre-existing T-cell immunity (P = 0.051). CONCLUSION: Here, we report that the first dose of BTN162b2 elicits a similar S-specific T-cell response in cases of either past infection or cross-reactive T cells, but lower in the rest of infection-naïve individuals and in convalescent HCWs who have lost detectable specific antibodies during follow-up.

Progressive and Parallel Decline of Humoral and T-Cell Immunity in Convalescent Healthcare Workers with Asymptomatic or Mild-to-Moderate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.

We investigated the duration of humoral and T-cell immune response in paired samples among 22 convalescent healthcare workers (HCWs). A median of 1.8 months after diagnosis, T-cell response was significantly lower in HCWs with early loss of antibodies (6 cases [27%]). After 5.1 months, antibody decline was observed in 77% of cases (41% seroreverted; P < .01), and 36% had lost T-cell response (75% lost response to spike protein). Persistence of immune response was observed in those who developed a greater adaptive immune response. Our data point to the initial immune response as the relevant player in coronavirus disease 2019 duration of protection.

SARS CoV-2 infections in healthcare workers with a pre-existing T-cell response: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: T-cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are observed in unexposed individuals. We evaluated the impact of this pre-existing cellular response on incident SARS-CoV-2 infections. METHODS: This was a follow-up study of 38 seronegative healthcare workers (HCWs) with previous evaluation of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. Infection was considered in the presence of a positive RT-PCR test and/or confirmed seroconversion. RESULTS: Twenty of the 38 HCWs included (53%) had a previous specific CD8+ T-cell response to peptides encompassing the spike protein (S) in 13 (34%), the membrane (M) in 17 (45%), or/and the nucleocapsid (N) in three (8%). During a follow-up of 189 days (interquartile range (IQR) 172-195), 11 HCWs (29%) had an RT-PCR-positive test (n = 9) or seroconverted (n = 2). Median duration of symptoms was 2 days (IQR 0-7), and time to negative RT-PCR was 9 days (IQR 4-10). Notably, six incident infections (55%) occurred in HCWs with a pre-existing T-cell response (30% of those with a cellular response), who showed a significantly lower duration of symptoms (three were asymptomatic). Three of the six HCWs having a previous T-cell response continued to test seronegative. All the infected patients developed a robust T-cell response to different structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, especially to protein S (91%). CONCLUSION: A pre-existing T-cell response does not seem to reduce incident SARS-CoV-2 infections, but it may contribute to asymptomatic or mild disease, rapid viral clearance and differences in seroconversion.

Vaccination adjuvated against hepatitis B in Spanish National Healthcare System (SNS) workers typed as non-responders to conventional vaccines.

TRIAL DESIGN: An interventional, phase 4, single group assignment, without masking (open label), preventive clinical trial was carried out in health workers with biological risk in their tasks, who have been filed as non-responders to conventional vaccination against Hepatitis B. METHODS: 67 health workers with biological risk in their tasks, who have been filed as non-responders to conventional vaccination against Hepatitis B, were enrolled in the Clinical Trial. All participants were from 18 years up to 64 years old. INCLUSION CRITERIA: NHS workers -including university students doing their internships in health centres dependent on the National Health System (inclusion of students is regulated and limited by specific instructions on labour prevention in each autonomous community)- classified as non-responders. The criteria defining them as non-responders to the conventional hepatitis B vaccine is anti HBsAb titers < 10 mUI/ml following the application of six doses of conventional vaccine at 20 µg doses (two complete guidelines). The objective of this study was to provide Health workers-staff with an additional protection tool against hepatitis B infection, and to evaluate the efficacy of the adjuvanted vaccine in healthy non-responders to conventional hepatitis B vaccine. The primary outcome was the measurement of antibody antiHBs before the first Fendrix® dose and a month after the administration of each dose. Other outcome was collection of adverse effects during administration and all those that could be related to the vaccine and that occur within 30 days after each dose. In this study, only one group was assigned. There was no randomization or masking. RESULTS: The participants were recruited between April 13, 2018 and October 31, 2019. 67 participants were enrolled in the Clinical Trial and included the analyses. The primary immunisation consists of 4 separate 0.5 ml doses of Fendrix®, administered at the following schedule: 1 month, 2 months and 6 months from the date of the first dose. Once the positivity was reached in any of the doses, the participant finished the study and was not given the following doses. 68.66% (46 out 67) had a positive response to first dose of Fendrix®. 57.14% (12 out 21) had a positive response to second dose of Fendrix®. 22.22% (2 out 9) had a positive response to third dose of Fendrix and 42.96% (3 out 7) had a positive response to last dose of Fendrix®. Overall, 94.02% (64 out 67) of participants had a positive response to Fendrix®. No serious adverse event occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Fendrix®, is a viable vaccine alternative for NHS workers classified as "non-responders". Revaccination of healthy non-responders with Fendrix®, resulted in very high proportions of responders without adverse events. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered in the Spanish National Trial Register (REEC), ClinicalTrials.gov and inclusion has been stopped (identifier NCT03410953; EudraCT-number 2016-004991-23). FUNDING: GRS 1360/A/16: Call for aid for the financing of research projects in biomedicine, health management and socio-health care to be developed in the centres of the Regional Health Management of Autonomous Community of Castile-Leon. In addition, this work has been supported by the Spanish Platform for Clinical Research and Clinical Trials, SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), funded by the Subdirectorate General for Research Evaluation and Promotion of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), through the project PT13/0002/0039 and project PT17/0017/0023 integrated in the State Plan for R&D&I 2013-2016 and co-financed by and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

Laboratory parameters provided by Advia 2120 analyser identify structural haemoglobinopathy carriers and discriminate between Hb S trait and Hb C trait.

BACKGROUND: Haemoglobinopathies have spread owing to human migration, and the number of people needing diagnosis and management of these conditions is increasing. Clinicians need to accurately identify carriers and provide adequate genetic counselling in order to prevent the occurrence of homozygous or compound heterozygous offspring. OBJECTIVES: To identify red blood cell (RBC) laboratory parameters that discriminate between structural haemoglobinopathy carriers and healthy subjects, and to compare RBC laboratory indices between HbAS and HbAC individuals. METHODS: Samples of 500 variant Hb carriers (355 HbAS, 104 HbAC, 19 HbAD, 7 HbAE, 7 HbAO-Arab, 4 α-chain variants and 4 Hb Lepore) and 251 normal controls were run on an Advia 2120 analyser (Siemens). Classic haematological parameters and RBC populations were assessed in all subjects. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was created to predict the probability of a subject carrying any structural haemoglobinopathy. HbAS (n=355, 71%) and HbAC (n=104, 20.8%) subjects were compared. RESULTS: A clinical prediction rule was developed by assigning one point to each of the most efficient variables: mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <88.4 fL, RBC distribution width >13.4%, percentage of microcytic RBCs (%MICRO) >0.7% and the ratio of microcytic RBCs to hypochromic RBCs >0.8. A score of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, resulted in a probability of 9.6%, 36.3%, 66.7%, 85.2% or 98.3%, respectively. Among the most frequent variant Hb, HbAC subjects had lower values of parameters related to cell size (MCV, %MICRO) and higher values of parameters related to haemoglobin concentration (MCHC, %HYPER) than HbAS subjects. Coexistence of α-thalassaemia in both HbAS and HbAC individuals resulted in decreased Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC. CONCLUSIONS: Structural haemoglobinopathy should be investigated in subjects belonging to ethnic groups with high prevalence of variant Hb and with a score of 3 or 4. Erythrocytes of HbAC subjects are smaller and denser than those of HbAS subjects.

Executive summary of the consensus document on post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV, HBV and HCV in adults and children.

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can be a secondary measure to prevent infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when primary prevention has failed. PEP is advised for people with sporadic and exceptional risk exposure to HIV. This consensus document about occupational and non-occupational PEP recommendations aims to be a technical document for healthcare professionals. Its main objective is to facilitate the appropriate use of PEP. To this end, some recommendations have been established to assess the risk of transmission in different types of exposure, situations where PEP should be recommended, special circumstances to take into account, antiretroviral (ARV) guidelines including start and end of the treatment, early monitoring of tolerance and adherence to the treatment, subsequent monitoring of people exposed, independently of having received PEP or not, and need of psychological support. This document is intended for all professionals who work in clinical practice in the field of HIV infection.

Hipoacusia en conductores / Hearing loss in drivers: a clinical case

La existencia de niveles de ruido elevados en los centros de trabajo expone a muchos trabajadores a padecer daños irreversibles para su salud. La vigilancia de la salud permite registrar en la historia clínica laboral mucha información acerca del trabajador y entre ellas los hábitos de conducción y los cambios en las condiciones psicofísicas, con probable compromiso en la aptitud para conducir. Es por estas razones que el médico del trabajo tiene un papel primordial en la prevención de lesiones derivadas de tráfico, promoviendo intervenciones que garanticen una adecuada protección de la salud y seguridad vial, todo ello en base a la normatividad existente en España relacionada al ruido y a la conducción (AU)

High noises in job centres expose many workers to suffer irreversible damages in health. Health surveillance allow to register in labour clinical sotry many information about worker and so driving habits and changes in psychophysics conditions, with obligation probable in driving flait. Because of that occupational physician has a fundamental role in prevention of injuries as consequence of traffic accident, promoting interventions to guarantee and adequate health and road protection, all these according to existing in Spain related to noise and driving (AU)

El trabajador diabético y el trabajo a turno/nocturno: a propósito de un caso / The diabetic worker and nighttime/shift work: a propose of a case

El tiempo de trabajo es uno de los aspectos de las condiciones de trabajo que tiene repercusión directa sobre la vida diaria. El número de horas trabajadas y su distribución pueden afectar la calidad de vida en el trabajo y la vida extralaboral. Las actividades laborales deberían desarrollarse durante el día, a fin de lograr una coincidencia entre las actividades laborales y fisiológicas. Sin embargo en algunas actividades es necesario establecer turnos de trabajo con horarios de trabajo que están fuera de los que sería aconsejable, ya sea por necesidades del propio servicio o por necesidades productivas o del proceso. El trabajador diabético es un trabajador especialmente sensible, y las circunstancias de su enfermedad los hace más susceptibles a los trabajos a turno y nocturno, por tanto al momento de realizar las evaluaciones médicas laborales debemos considerar diferentes aspectos y no restringirlos por el sólo hecho de ser diabéticos (AU)

Working time is one of the work conditions aspects that have direct repercussion on daily life. The number and distribution of worked hours can affect work life quality and outside work life. Work activities should be developed during morning and afternoon with the purpose of getting coincidence between work and physiological activities. However, it is necessary to establish working time in some activities with no advisable schedule, because of service requirements or productive requirements or the same process. Diabetic worker is a sensible worker, and because of diabetes are more susceptible to night time/shift work, then we must to consider different aspects at the moment to carry out labour medical recognitions and not to restrict them because of diabetes (AU)

Examen médico pre-ocupacional o de ingreso al trabajo y la aptitudes para el trabajo: Situación en el Perú / Pre-occupational or pre-employment medical evaluation and aptitude for the job: situation in Peru summary

El examen médico pre-ocupacional o pre-empleo es un obligación legal en el Perú para todas las empresas privadas independientemente del sector, siendo a la vez una gran responsabilidad para los médicos ocupacionales, médicos del trabajo y/o todo médico que se dedique a la gestión de la salud ocupacional para desarrollar un examen pre-ocupacional eficaz y eficiente para las empresas a fin de mantener y mejorar la productividad sin dejar de tomar en cuenta el mantener la salud de los trabajadores. Esta revisión describe las características desde su elaboración, aplicación e interpretación que debería de tener examen pre-ocupacional o pre-empleo para finalmente terminar con el análisis de la calificación de aptitud para el trabajo (AU)

The pre-occupational or pre-employment medical evaluation is a legal obligation in Peru for all the privates companies independently of the line, being a great responsibility for all the occupational physicians and/or all physicians that are dedicated to occupational health supports in the companies to develop an effective and efficient pre-occupational medical evaluation for the companies with the purpose of to keep and to improve the productivity taking into consideration the maintenance of theirs workers health. This review describes the features that a preoccupational or pre-employment medical evaluation should be to have since the development, application and interpretation for then finally finish with the qualification job aptitude analysis (AU)

Carcinoma basocelular: a propósito de un caso / Basal cell carcinoma: A case

El carcinoma basocelular es el tumor cutáneo maligno más frecuente y supone el 60% de los tumores de piel. A pesar de tratarse de un tumor maligno, excepcionalmente metastatiza. El factor de riesgo más relacionado con la aparición del carcinoma basoceleular es la exposición a luz ultravioleta. El protocolo de vigilancia sanitaria específica para los trabajadores expuestos a agentes citostáticos refiere que la carcinogenicidad en los trabajadores que manipulan citostáticos no ha sido bien establecida, si bien lo relaciona con el cáncer de vejiga, el carcinoma nasofaríngeo y la leucemia, pero no con el cáncer de piel. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica y no se encontró asociación entre el carcinoma basocelular y la exposición a agentes citostáticos (AU)

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin tumor and accounts for 60% of skin tumors. Despite being a malignant tumor metastasizes exceptionally. The strongest risk factor associated with the development of carcinoma is exposure basoceleularto ultraviolet light. The protocol specific health surveillance for workers exposed to cytostatics concerns that carcinogenicity in workers handling cytostatic drugs has not been well established, although it related to bladder cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and leukemia, but not skin cancer. We performed a literature search and found no association between basal cell carcinoma and exposure to cytostatic agents (AU)

Declaración de embarazo del personal sanitario del hospital universitario Ramón y Cajal. Año 2009 / Pregnancy declaration of healthcare workers of the Ramon y Cajal university hospital. Year 2009

Introducción: según la Ley 31/1995 del 8 de noviembre de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, Capítulo III artículo 26 “Protección de la Maternidad”, el empresario deberá adoptar las medidas para evitar la exposición a riesgos en mujeres embarazadas y en periodos de lactancia. Objetivo: conocer las características del personal sanitario que declaró su embarazo al Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales (SPRL). Material y Métodos: el diseño del estudio es transversal, los datos fueron obtenidos del personal sanitario gestante que declaró su embarazo al SPRL durante el año 2009; se realizó análisis de estadística descriptiva de media +/- desviación estándar, así como porcentajes. Se consideraron significativas aquellas con un valor de significación < 0.05. Resultados: declararon su embarazo 50 personas; el promedio de edad fue 33.10 +/- 3.18 años. El grupo etáreo que más declaró fue el de 30-34 años (52 %); el promedio de semanas de embarazo al declarar fue de 12.01 +/- 5.18; la categoría profesional que más declaró fue el de DUE (Diplomado universitario en enfermería) 24.48 %. Conclusiones: de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos y contrastados con los de la Comunidad de Madrid deberían plantearse otros estudios para averiguar si hay infradeclaración del embarazo y sus motivos (AU)

Introduction: according to the Labour Risks Prevention Law 31/1995 of November the 8th, Chapter III, article 26 “Protection of Maternity”, the employer must carry out all precautions in order to avoid exposure to risks in pregnant women as well as breastfeeding women. Objective: know all characters of healthcare workers that declared their pregnancy to the Labour Risks Prevention Service (LRPS). Method and materials: the study design is transversal; all data was obtained from the healthcare workers that declared their pregnancy to the LRPS in 2009; a descriptive statistic analysis of media +/- standard deviation and percentages was done. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 50 persons declared their pregnancy; age average was 33.10+/- 3.18 years. The age group that most frequent declared was 30-34 years (52 %), the average week of pregnancy at the moment of declaring was 12.01 +/- 5.18; the professional category that most frequently declared was UNQ (University Nursing Qualified) 24.48 %. Conclusions: according to the results obtained and after contrasting them with the data of the Community of Madrid, other studies must be designed to find out if there is underreporting of pregnancy (AU)

Hiperplasia benigna de próstata: a propósito de un caso / Benign prostatic hyperplasia: A propos of a case

La hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HBP) es una enfermedad caracterizada por un crecimiento de la glándula prostática que produce una obstrucción del flujo de salida urinario; la prevalencia comienza a mediana edad y aumenta progresivamente con el envejecimiento. Las enfermedades prostáticas pueden ser diagnosticadas inicialmente por el médico del trabajo de un servicio de prevención en caso disponga de medios materiales para ello. En el año 2009 la Asociación Española de Urología conjuntamente con otras sociedades ha elaborado un documento de consenso con la finalidad de aportar criterios unificados y concisos de derivación de pacientes con HBP al urólogo (AU)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease characterized for a growth of prostatic gland that causes urinary flow obstruction; prevalence begins at middle age and increases progressively with ageing. Prostatic diseases can be diagnosed at beginning for occupational physicians of a prevention service if there are material resources for it. In 2009 the Spanish Urology Association together with other societies have elaborated a consensus document with the purpose of provide unified and concise criterions about derivation to urologist for patient that complain BPH (AU)

Calendario de vacunación en los nuevos médicos residentes procedentes de Perú: Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal / Vaccine schedule in new resident physicians from Peru: Ramon y Cajal University Hospital

Introducción: En los últimos años España se ha convertido en un país receptor de inmigrantes y el personal sanitario no es una excepción. Al momento de valorar el estado vacunal de los médicos residentes de inicio es importante tener en cuenta su procedencia.Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sobre la vacunación existente en el Perú, antecedentes y seroprevalencia de las patologías inmunoprevenibles en el personal sanitario peruano; y en base a lo encontrado determinar las pautas de vacunación a seguir en caso no se aporte documentación de vacunación previa para aquellos médicos residentes de inicio que provengan del Perú.Material y Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica.Resultados: Los datos encontrados sugieren que no existe evidencia que nos indique una correcta pauta de vacunación en los médicos residentes que proceden de Perú.Conclusiones: A todo médico residente de inicio proveniente de Perú que no aporte cartilla de vacunación se le procederá a vacunar como si fuese un adulto no vacunado, siempre teniendo en cuenta que si existe documentación de dosis previas se completarán las pautas sin reiniciar o repetir las dosis (AU)

Introduction: In recent years, Spain has been receiving immigrants of all working sectors and health staff is not an exception. When evaluating a vaccine schedule of first year resident physicians, it is important to know where they are arriving from.Objective: Make a review about vaccination in Peru, background and seroprevalence of immunopreventable pathology in Peruvian health staff; and bearing in mind the information, determine a vaccine schedule for first year resident physicians from Peru whose information is not available because they do not have previous vaccination documents.Method and materials: We made a bibliographic review.Results: The information obtained suggests that there is no evidence of correct vaccination in first year resident physicians from Peru.Conclusions: All first year resident physicians from Peru who do not have vaccination documents will be vaccinated as if they were a non vaccinated adult. We will always bear in mind that if there is any document about previous doses, we will continue without beginning or repeating doses (AU)

Incapacidad laboral en esclerosis múltiple: a propósito de un caso / Working disability in multiple sclerosis: a propos of a case

Enfermera de 34 años de edad que acude a la Unidad Médica de Valoración de Incapacidades del INSS (Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social) para valoración de Incapacidad Temporal (IT); diagnosticada de Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) hace 10 años, presentó 6 brotes, por lo que requirió tratamiento con Acetato de Glatirámero y se le adaptó el puesto de trabajo. Actualmente tiene un EDSS (Expanded Disability StatusScale) estimado de 1,0, y actualmente no está con tratamiento inmunomodulador.Este caso clínico lo que busca es conocer de qué manera se valora la incapacidad laboral en los casosde trabajadores que padecen de EM, asimismo cómo se determina el grado de menoscabo en función del EDSS y qué aspectos laborales son tomados en consideración (AU)

A 34-year old woman, nurse, who arrives to the Medical Assessment Disability Unit of SSNI (Social Security National Institute) for to assess Temporary Disability (TD), she was diagnosed of Multiple Sclerosis(MS) 10 years ago, she had 6 outbreaks and because of that she was treated with Glatiramer Acetate and also her workstation was adapted. At the moment she has an EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) of 1.0, and now she does not receive immunomodulator treatment With this case report we want to know the way that labour disability is evaluated for workers that complain of MS, also how the damage degree is determined according to EDSS and what labour aspects are taken into consideration (AU)