ABSTRACT
(1) Background: Providing the patient with the health care they need in a personalized and appropriate manner and without adverse effects (AEs) is a part of quality of care and patient safety. The aim of this applied research project was the assessment of AEs as a clinical risk in patients with high social vulnerability such as persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PwIDD). (2) Methods: A retrospective epidemiological cohort study was performed on exposed and unexposed groups (the control group) in order to estimate the incidence of AEs in PwIDDs and assess their importance for this category of patients. (3) Results: AEs were observed with a frequency of 30.4% (95% CI) in the PwIDD exposed group, with significant differences to the unexposed group (p = 0.009). No differences were observed with regards to gender. Age was as a marker of care risk, with the highest incidence of AEs in the group of 60-69 years. (4) Conclusions: PwIDDs have a high risk of suffering AEs while receiving health care assistance due to their high social and clinical vulnerability. Health care practitioners must therefore be aware of these results and keep these observations in mind in order to carry out personalized, preventive, competent, effective, and safe medical care.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the relation between perceived social support and personal autonomy of individuals with intellectual disabilities and Health-Related Quality of Life. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a multicentre sample was carried out including 162 institutionalized individuals with intellectual disability. The measurement tool was a structured questionnaire with sociodemographic variables, and three scales: Functional Independence Measure(FIM) scale, Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and SF-36 Health Survey, which were completed during an individual/family interview. RESULTS: The perception of received social support is high on all 11 items of the Duke-UNC questionnaire, with an average of 3.45 for item-1 and 4.85 for item-11, which represents a total perceived support of an average 47.98 points (±SD7.30) (normal support). The Mental-Health component is rated worse than Physical-Health (67.41 vs. 71.74). The average rates for the different dimensions range from 57.34 points for Social-Functioning (the lowest rating) to 79.61 points for Bodily-Pain (highest rating). A multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the dimensions of Physical-Functioning (p < 0.001), Role-Physical (p = 0.016) and Bodily-Pain (p = 0.022), which are elements of the Physical-Health component, are independent predictive variables with the Degree of Autonomy (FIM) as a dependent variable. Social-Support (Duke-UNC) as a dependent variable is determined by the dimensions of Vitality (p = 0.014), Role-Emotional (p = 0.001) and Mental-Health (p < 0.001), which are part of the Mental-Health component and act as independent predictive variables. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with intellectual disability and a higher degree of personal autonomy determined by institutional and family support report better Health and Quality of Life.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/psychology , Personal Autonomy , Quality of Life/psychology , Social Support , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emotions , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Pain/psychology , Perception , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones familiares que tienen lugar en una Unidad de Hospitalización Parcial, en pacientes psicóticos en un primer episodio y pacientes con un trastorno de la personalidad, cuyos síntomas son particularmente graves o dan lugar a un notable deterioro de la actividad social o laboral. Además se describe el marco conceptual en que se desenvuelve el tratamiento, los objetivos que se pretenden, así como los procedimientos de la intervención, evaluándose finalmente los resultados al alta en aspectos concretos del tratamiento como relaciones con la familia y con personas ajenas a la misma, asunción y toma de la medicación, actitud frente a la enfermedad o frente al futuro, y actividades de la vida diaria (AU)
The objective of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the family interventions that they take place in an Unit of Partial Hospitalization, in Psychotic patient in a first episode and patient with Personality Disorders whose symptoms are particularly serious or they give place to a notable deterioration of the social or labor activity. In addition one describes the conceptual frame in which the treatment develops, the objectives that are tried, as well as the procedures of the intervention, evaluating itself finally the results to the discharge in concrete aspects of the treatment like relations with the family and other people's to the same one, assumption and takes the medication, attitude as opposed to the disease or as opposed to the future, and activities of the daily life (AU)
