Comparison of three fluids for calibration of the new Periotron® 8010

Background: The aim of the present study was to calibrate the Periotron® model 8010 with volumes of three different fluids (distilled water, serum, and saliva) and to identify which of the three is the most reliable, feasible, and reproducible for routine calibration. Material and Methods: A total of 450 samples of Periopaper® were divided into three groups (150 each per group): distilled water, serum matrix and saliva. A calibration curve was run with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 µl of each of the fluids, and the results were determined in Periotron units (PU). Statistical analysis was performed with oneway ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test and a linear equation. Results: Distilled water presented the lowest levels of PU at all volumes, while serum showed the highest levels at high volumes. Linear regression equations rendered similar slopes for saliva and distilled water, while serum was statistically different. Saliva presented a reproduction percentage of 99.7%, which indicated better accuracy and precision than serum and distilled water. Conclusions: Saliva is more reliable and accurate than water or serum for the purpose of calibration of the Periotron® model 8010, though it shares drawbacks with serum. Distilled water is more easily available and does not require any additional procedure, in addition to producing a similar slope to saliva and a smaller deviation from the media than serum. (AU)

Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to metabolic, mitochondrial and inflammatory alterations, atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in T2D patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Type 2 diabetic patients (255) and control subjects (175) were recruited, paired by age and sex, and separated into two groups: without GLP-1 RA treatment (196) and treated with GLP-1 RA (59). Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry and oxygen consumption with a Clark electrode. PMNs were also used to assess leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers were quantified by Luminex's technology, and CIMT was measured as surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS: Treatment with GLP-1 RA reduced ROS production and recovered mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption and MPO levels. The velocity of leukocytes rolling over endothelial cells increased in PMNs from GLP-1 RA-treated patients, whereas rolling and adhesion were diminished. ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNFα and IL-12 protein levels also decreased in the GLP-1 RA-treated group, while IL-10 increased. CIMT was lower in GLP-1 RA-treated T2D patients than in T2D patients without GLP-1 RA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1 RA treatment improves the redox state and mitochondrial respiration, and reduces leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and CIMT in T2D patients, thereby potentially diminishing the risk of atherosclerosis and CVDs.

Impact of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics in Leukocytes of Obese Women.

The chronic low-grade inflammation widely associated with obesity can lead to a prooxidant status that triggers mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the most effective strategy for obese patients. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms. This interventional study aimed to investigate whether RYGB modulates oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dynamics in the leukocytes of 47 obese women at one year follow-up. We evaluated biochemical parameters and serum inflammatory cytokines -TNFα, IL6 and IL1ß- to assess systemic status. Total superoxide production -dHe-, mitochondrial membrane potential -TMRM-, leucocyte protein expression of inflammation mediators -MCP1 and NF-kB-, antioxidant defence -GPX1-, mitochondrial regulation-PGC1α, TFAM, OXPHOS and MIEAP- and dynamics -MFN2, MNF1, OPA1, FIS1 and p-DRP1- were also determined. After RYGB, a significant reduction in superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential was evident, while GPX1 content was significantly increased. Likewise, a marked upregulation of the transcription factors PGC1α and TFAM, complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation chain (I-V) and MIEAP and MFN1 was observed. We conclude that women undergoing RYGB benefit from an amelioration of their prooxidant and inflammatory status and an improvement in mitochondrial dynamics of their leukocytes, which is likely to have a positive effect on clinical outcome.

Análisis microbiológico antes y después de la utilización de la pieza de mano de uso odontológico / Microbiological analysis before and after the use of the dental hand piece

Objetivo. Evaluar la condición microbiológica antes y después del uso de la pieza de mano en pacientes atendidos en la clínica odontológica de la USMP. Material y métodos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, prospectiva, longitudinal. Se utilizaron 16 piezas de mano de la clínica especializada en odontológica de la USMP, como medio de cultivo se usó el Agar sangre para observar las diferentes clases de microorganismos presentes. Resultados. Las muestras esterilizadas en autoclave, sembradas en agar sangre presentaron ausencia de microorganismos. En contraste, las muestras desinfectadas con glutaraldehido al 2%, hipoclorito de sodio al 5% y alcohol al 70 % mostraron presencia de estafilococos epidermidi, estafilococos aureus, cocos beta hemolítico en el agar sangre. Las muestras desinfectadas con glutaraldehido al 2%, hipoclorito de sodio al 5% y alcohol al 70 % mostraron una reducción en la presencia de microorganimos de alrededor de 82%, 44%y 86%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El método óptimo para esterilizar las piezas de mano luego de su uso y sin deteriorarla es la autoclave.

Objective. To evaluate the microbiological condition before and after the use of the hand pieces in patients that were attended at the clinica odontologica of USMP. Material and methods. Descriptive, prospective, longitudinal research. 16 hand pieces of the clinica especializada en odontologia of the USMP were used. Blood agar was used as the culture medium to observe the different types of microorganisms that were present. Results. The samples that were sterilized by autoclave and seeded in blood agar showed an absence of microorganisms. In contrast, the samples disinfected with glutaraldehidel 2%, hypochlorite of sodium5% and alcohol 70 % showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, beta hemolyticus cocci in blood agar. The samples desinfected with glutaraldehide 2%, sodium hypochlorite 5% and alcohol 70 % showed a reduction in the presence of microorganisms about 82%, 44% and 86%, respectively, compared to before the disinfection. Conclusions. The effective method to sterilize the hand pieces after use and without damaging it is the autoclave.